Botany Final Study Guide

KU so far only the lab on ferns+mosses, and algae and cyanobacteria are here

What plants are seedless and non-vascular

Liverworts and mosses

What is Genus Grimma?

Moss that grows on dry rocks

What is a mosses’ dominant life stage

Gametophyte(n)

Mosses and Liverworts characteristics

Lack Vascular tissue

Need water to reproduce

Most water absorbed through the surface

Alteration of generations is conspicuous

Phylum Hepaticophyta

Liverworts

Thalloid Liverworts

Thallus is flattened, lobed, and somewhat leaf-like body

20% of species

Genus Merchantia

A thalloid liverwort

Antheridiophore

Archegoniophore

What gender is the Antheridiophore?(mosses)

Male with gametophores

What gender is the Archegoniophore?(mosses)

Female with gametophores

Rhizoids(function)

Anchor the Liverwort and hold it in place.

Where does the zygote form in the liverwort live cycle?

Within the archegonium sporophyte

How do liverworts reproduce asexually?

Rain or water splash into a gemmae cup and the gemmae disperse and can establish new thalli

Leafy liverworts facts

80% of species

Genus Frullania

What type of liverwort is Genus Frullania?

A leafy one

What is Phylum Anthocerophyta?

A hornwort

Phylum Anthocerophyta(characteristics)

100 species, distant relatives of liverworts and mosses

Cells have pyrenoids

similarly to green algae they have stomates

Rhizoids anchor the plant

What is Phylum Bryophyta?

True mosses

Phylum Bryophyta(characteristics)

15 000 species

no leaves or vasc. tissue

Rhizoids anchor the plant

“Leaves of peat” transparent cells that absorb and store water

Water absorbed through plant surfaces

What is Genus Sphagnum?

A peat moss under Phylum Bryophyta

Genus Sphagnum(characteristics)

Have chlorophyll(living cells)

Have water bearing cells(non-living)

“Leaves” are one cell layer thick except midrib

Some parts male and female on the same plant others separate sexs

Protonema

green immature gametophyte consisting of cells

Human use of peat moss?

Used due to its water holding cells

What plants are seedless and vascular?

Ferns+Fern allies

What is Phylum Psilotophyta

Whisk ferns

What is Phylum Lycophyta?

Ground pines and spike mosses

What is Phylum Polypodiophyta

true ferns

What are the 4 phyla under ferns+fern allies

Phylum Psilotophyta

Phylum Lycophyta

Phylum Equisetophyta

Phylum Polypodiophyta

Phylum Psilotophyta(characteristics)

Genus Psilotum

Only stems (no true roots or leaves)

Dichotomously branching stems

Produce rhizoids

Enations

Phylum Psilophyta dominant life stage?

Sporophyte(2n)

Enations

Photosynthetic flaps of tissue(leaf like)

Phylum Lycophyta(characteristics)

Ground pines and spike mosses(club mosses)

Genus Lycopodium

Genus Selaginella

Microphylls

True stems and roots

Microphylls

Small leaves with one vein

Genus Lycopodium(characteristics)

Adventitious roots

Spores produce by sporocytes

Spores can germinate quickly or remain dormant for several years

Homospory

What is the dominant life stage of Genus Lycopodium

Sporophyte 2n

Homospory

All spores and sporocytes are the same size

Genus Selaginella(characteristics)

Resurrection plant

Heterospory

What is the Genus Selaginella dominant life stage?

Sporophyte(2n)

Heterospory in Selaginella refers to?

Megasporangia and megasporocytes

Microsporangia and microsporocytes

What is Phylum Equisetophyta?

Horsetails and scouring rushes

Phylum Equisetophyta(characteristics)

Genus Equiseta

What is the Equisetophyta dominant life stage?

sporophyte(2n)

What is Phylum Polypodiophyta?

True ferns

What is the dominant life stage of Phylum Polypodiophyta?

Sporophyte(2n)

What part of the fern life cycle is this in?

2n

What is this?(fern)

Sporangium containing sporocytes

What process do sporocytes undergo to produce spores?

Meiosis

What process do gametes go through to become a zygote?

Fertilization

What is cyanobacteria?

Photosynthetic bacteria

What is algae?

A photosynthetic protista

What do cyanobacteria have a symbiotic relationship with?

Lichens and Azolla

What genus is this cyanobacteria?

Genus Gleotrichia

What part of Gleotrichia is this?

Heterocyst

What is the function of the heterocysts on Gleotrichia?

They help fix nitrogen

What genus is this cyanobacteria?

Genus Anabaena

What does the top line point to?

Heterocyst

What does the second line point to?

Akinete(dormant structure)

What is the genus of this cyanobacteria?

Genus Merismopedia

What part does the top line point to?

The cells

What part does the bottom line point to?

The gelatinous matter

What fern genus do Merismopedia, Anabaena, and Gleotrichia have a symbiotic relationship with?

Azolla

What is the Phylum of green algae?

Phylum Clorophyta

Three genera under Phylum Clorophyta?

Spirogyra

Ulothrix

Oedogonium

What is Phylum Clorophyta?

Green algae

What is Phylum Chromophyta?

Diatoms

What is Phylum Euglenophyta?

Euglena

What are some gamete producing features?(algae)

Oogonium

Antheridium

What is the function of oogonium in algae?

It produces eggs

What is the function of antheridium in algae?

It produces sperm

Size of gametes(terms) in algae?

Isogamy(same size and shape)

Oogamy(big egg + non-motile sperm)

Unicellular organism meaning

Formed by one cell only

Multicellular organism meaning

Formed of many cells that have different functions

Colonial organism meaning

Formed of many cells that share a function

What is the dominant life stage of Ulothrix?

Haploid(n)

What is the bottom line pointing to?(How does the Ulothrix attach?)

The holdfast

What is this algae?

Ulothrix

Is Ulothrix multicellular or colonial?

Multicellular

What Genus is this algae?

Genus Spirogyra

Is Spirogyra colonial or multicellular?

Colonial

What is the gamete type of Spirogyra?

Isogamy

What part of the Spirogyra is this line pointing to?

The Zygote

What part of the Spirogyra is the right line pointing to?

The female gametophyte

What part of the Spirogyra is the left line pointing to?

The male gametophyte

What part of the Spirogyra is the line on the bottom pointing to?

The conjugation tubes

What is the genus of this algae?

Oedogonium

What is the Oedogonium dominant life stage?

Gametophyte(n)

Is Oedogonium multicellular or colonial?

Multicellular

What type of gametes are the Oedogonium?

Oogamy

How does Oedogonium reproduce asexually?

After meiosis the zoospores can settle and form a new filament

What phylum is this?

Phylum Zygomycota

What is the genus name?

Genus Rhizopus

What is the circled part?

Zygospore

Zygospore

zygote that can withstand harsh conditions if needed

what is this?

what is circled?

Hyphae

what is this?

what is circled?

asexual sporangium

what is this?

what is circled?

sporangiophore

what are lichens?

A symbiotic relationship between Algae and fungi

How do bread molds (Zygomycota) reproduce?

Sexually internally

Asexually externally through spores

What is phylum Myxomycota?

Slime mold

What genus is this under Phylum Myxomycota?

Stemonitis

What is circled?

Capillary threads