Waxman Reading Quiz Assignment

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The equilibrium potential for K+ in neurons is ordinarily nearest:

Resting potential

A lesion in the nucleus of cranial nerve IV would produce a deficit in the:

downward gaze of the ipsilateral eye

Which of the following is not part of the Papez circuit?

posterior thalamic nuclei

Large-diameter dorsal root axons of one side of L5 terminate in the:

- ipsilateral dorsal nucleus (of Clarke)

- ipsilateral gracile nucleus

A neurologic syndrome is characterized by loss of pain and thermosensitivity on the left side of the face and on the right side of the body from the neck down; partial paralysis of the soft palate, larynx, and pharynx on the left side; ataxia on the left side; and hiccuping. This syndrome could be expected from infarction in the territory of the:

Left PICA

A 55-year-old patient presented with an 8-month history of gradually progressive incoordination in the right arm and leg. Examination revealed hypotonia and ataxia in the limbs on the right side. The most likely diagnosis is: (2 choices)

- a tumor

- in the right cerebellar hemisphere

The dorsal nucleus (of Clarke) in the spinal cord:

terminates in the ipsilateral cerebellum

The solitary nucleus:

receives axons running with nerve VII

The somatic nervous system innervates the:

Muscles of the body wall

Which of the following is incorrect:

The trigeminal nuclear complex:

- has a branchial efferent component

- participates in certain reflex responses of cranial muscles

- receives projections of axons coursing with nerve X

- has somatic afferent components

Receives projections of axons coursing with nerve X

A 68-year-old teacher with hypertension complained of a severe headache and was taken to the hospital. Examination revealed that he could write normally but could not read. His speech was normal. The lesion(s) most likely involved the:

Left visual cortex

The lateral column of the spinal cord contains the

Lateral corticospinal tract

Fine-diameter dorsal root axons of L5 on one side terminate in all of the following except:

(Which of the following is not correct)

ipsilateral dorsal nucleus (of Clarke)

The hippocampal formation consists of the

Hippocampus

Subiculum

Dentate gyrus

Hemiplegia and sensory deficit on the right side of the body may be caused by infarction in the territory of the

left middle cerebral artery

Decussations are:

vertical connections crossing within the CNS from left to right or vice versa

Within the cerebellum:

(select all that apply)

climbing fibers and mossy fibers carry afferent information

The spinal nerve roots:

(possible answers, pick as many as apply)

1. exit below the corresponding vertebral bodies in the cervical spine

2. exit above the corresponding vertebral bodies in the cervical spine

3. exit above the corresponding vertebral bodies in the lower spine

4. exit below the corresponding vertebral bodies in the lower spine

exit above the corresponding vertebral bodies in the cervical spine

exit below the corresponding vertebral bodies in the lower spine

The cell body of most neurons

1. cannot divide in the adult

2. is the main site of protein synthesis in the neuron

3. is the site of the cell nucleus

4. contains synaptic vesicles

1. cannot divide in the adult

2. is the main site of protein synthesis in the neuron

3. is the site of the cell nucleus

In axoplasmic transport

1. some macromolecules move away from the cell body at rates of several centimeters per day

2. mitochondria move along the axon

3. microtubules seem to be involved

4. some types of molecules move toward the cell body at rates of up to 300 mm per day

All are correct

The ventroposterior medial nucleus of the thalamus:

1. receives axons from neurons located in the contralateral cuneate nucleus in the medulla

2. receives axons from neurons located in area 4 on the medial surface of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere

3. contains neurons that respond to olfactory stimuli applied ipsilaterally

4. contains neurons whose axons project to the somatosensory cortex of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere

Only 4 is correct

In humans, the spinothalamic tract:

1. carries information from the ipsilateral side of the body

2. exhibits topographic organization

3. arises principally from neurons of the same side of the cord

4. mediates information about pain and temperature

2 and 4 are correct

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by

1. neurofibrillary tangles

2. loss of neurons in the basal forebrain (Meynert) nucleus

3. senile plaques

4. severe pathology in CA1 Hippocampal Cells

All are correct

The following fiber systems in the spinal cord are ascending tracts except for the

spinoreticular tract

spinothalamic tract

ventral spinocerebellar tract

reticulospinal tract

cuneate tract

reticulospinal tract

If the oculomotor nerve (III) is sectioned, each of the following may result except for

dilation of the pupil

partial ptosis

abduction of the eyeball

paralysis of the ciliary muscle

impairment of lacrimal secretion

impairment of lacrimal secretion

Myelin is produced by

oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

A spinal motor neuron in an adult

1. maintains its membrane potential via the active transport of sodium and potassium ions

2. synthesizes protein only in the cell body and not in the axon

3. does not synthesize DNA for mitosis

4. does not regenerate its axon following section of its peripheral portion

1, 2 and 3 are correct

The corticospinal tract passes through

1. the internal capsule

2. the crus cerebri

3. the pyramids of the medulla

4. the lateral and anterior columns of the spinal cord

All are correct

In a motor neuron at rest, an excitatory synapse produces an EPSP of 15 mV, and an inhibitory synapse produces an IPSP of 5 mV. If both the EPSP and IPSP occur simultaneously, then the motor neuron would

depolarize by about 10 mV

A lesion of the right frontal cortex (area 8) produces

impaired gaze to the left

A healthy 25-year-old man had an episode of blurred vision in the left eye that lasted 2 weeks and then resolved. Six months later he developed difficulty walking. Examination showed decreased visual acuity in the left eye, nystagmus, loss of vibratory sensation and position sense at the toes and knees bilaterally, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes with a Babinski reflex on the right. Three years later, the man was admitted to the hospital with dysarthria, intention tremor of the left arm, and urinary incontinence. The clinical features are consistent with

multiple sclerosis

A sign of an upper-motor-neuron lesion in the spinal cord is

hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

A ganglion is defined as a

group of nerve cell bodies outside the neuraxis

Wernicke's aphasia is usually caused by

a lesion in the superior temporal gyrus

ATP provides an essential energy source in the CNS for

maintenance of ionic gradients via ATPase

A-delta and C peripheral afferent fibers

1. terminate in laminas I and II of the dorsal horn

2. convey the sensation of pain

3. terminate in lamina V of the dorsal horn

4. convey the sensation of light touch

All except for convey sensation of light touch

In a patient with hemiparkinsonism (unilateral Parkinson's disease) affecting the right arm, a lesion is most likely in the

left substantia nigra

Gamma-efferent motor neurons

1. are located in the intermedial lateral cell column of the spinal cord

2. cause contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers

3. provide vasomotor control to blood vessels in muscles

4. are modulated by axons in the vestibulospinal tract

cause contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers

are modulated by axons in the vestibulospinal tract

Which of the following are correct?

1. the diaphragm is innervated via the C3 and C4 roots

2. the deltoid and triceps are innervated via the C5 root

3. the biceps are innervated via the C5 root

4. the gastrocnemius is innervated via the L4 root

the diaphragm is innervated via the C3 and C4 roots

the biceps are innervated via the C5 root

Which of the following rules about dermatomes are correct?

1. the C4 and T2 dermatomes are contiguous over the anterior trunk

2. the nipple is at the level of C8

3. the thumb, middle finger, and 5th digit are within the C6, C7, and C8 dermatomes, respectively

4. the umbilicus is at the level of L2

the C4 and T2 dermatomes are contiguous over the anterior trunk

the thumb, middle finger, and 5th digit are within the C6, C7, and C8 dermatomes, respectively

Brodmann's area 4 corresponds to the

primary motor cortex

Which of the following statements about the auditory system is not true?

it has a major synaptic delay in the inferior olivary nucleus

The subclavian artery gives rise directly to the

vertebral artery

The extrastriate cortex

1. is Brodmann's areas 18 and 19

2. receives input from area 17

3. is the visual association cortex

4. is the primary auditory cortex

1. is Brodmann's areas 18 and 19

2. receives input from area 17

3. is the visual association cortex

Within the internal capsule, descending motor fibers for the face

are located in front of the fibers for the arm, in the anterior part of the posterior limb

A patient complains of unsteadiness. Examination shows a marked diminution of position sense, vibration sense, and stereognosis of all extremities. He is unable to stand without wavering for more than a few seconds when his eyes are closed. There are no other abnormal findings. The lesion most likely involves the

dorsal columns of the spinal cord, bilaterally

The dorsal column system of one side of the spinal cord

1. is essential for normal two-point discrimination on that side

2. arises from both dorsal root ganglion cells and dorsal horn neurons

3. synapses on neurons of the ipsilateral gracile and cuneate nuclei

4. consists primarily of large, myelinated, rapidly conducting axons

All are correct

Astrocytes

1. may function to buffer extracellular K+

2. are interconnected by gap junctions

3. can proliferate to form a scar after an injury

4. migrate to the CNS from bone marrow

1. may function to buffer extracellular K+

2. are interconnected by gap junctions

3. can proliferate to form a scar after an injury

The efferent axons of the cerebellar cortex arise from

Purkinje cells

Auditory stimuli normally cause impulses to pass through the

trapezoid body and medial geniculate nucleus

Sensory nuclei of the thalamus include

lateral geniculate and ventral posterior, lateral

Meyer's loop carries optic radiation fibers representing

the upper part of the contralateral visual field

Axons in the optic nerve originate from

retinal ganglion cells

Parasympathetic fibers are carried in:

1. cranial nerves III and VII

2. cranial nerves IX and X

3. sacral roots S2-4

4. thoracic roots T8-12

1, 2, and 3 are correct

The cell layer around the central canal of the spinal cord

1. is called the ventricular zone

2. is the same as the pia

3. encloses cerebrospinal fluid

4. is called the marginal zone

1 and 3 are correct