Some basic concepts of Chemistry

Chemistry

Chemistry is defined as the branch of science that deals with composition, structure and properties of matter.

What does chemistry also deal with?

It also deals with the changes that take place in the matter when it is been subjected to different conditions and the laws with govern these changes

Importance of the fields chemistry is used in

Medicines, agriculture and industries

Define matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space is known as matter

What is the process known as when there is a change in state from gas to solid

Deposition

What are the two other states of matter (other than the conventional 3 states of matter)

Bose Einstein condensate and plasma

What is vinegar derived from

Sugar cane juice

Chemistry mainly developed in the years?

1300-1600 CE

Chemistry mainly developed in the form of ?

Alchemy and Iatrochemistry

When did modern chemistry take shape?

18th century in europe

What was chemistry called in ancient india

Rasayan shastra, rastantra, rad kriya or rasvidya

Alchemical

Refers to the early beginnings of real chemistry

What were the different names given to chemistry

Rasayana shastra, Rastantra, Ras Kriya or Rasvidhya

What traces did gypsum cement contain?

It contained traces of lime, sand and CaCO3

What was added to copper in the olden days to make it stronger?

Tin and Arsenic

How were glasses and Glazes coloured back in the days

Using metal oxides

Who was the first proponent of the atomic theory

Kashyap

What are the two drugs that are effective in cancer treatment

Cisplatin and taxol

What drug is used for helping AIDS patients

AZT (Azidothymidine)

On a broader level what two classification can matter be divided into?

Mixture and Pure substance

Mixture

When two or more substances are mixed together with no definite ratio it is called a mixture

Homogeneous

When the particles are completely mixed with one another and have a uniform distribution throughout the mixture

Heterogenous

When there is a non-uniform composition through the mixture and at times the various components are also seen

The two different measuring systems

English system and the metric system

SI Unit was established by

General conference of weights and measures

How many base units does the SI system have?

7

List the 7 base SI units

Length, mass, Time, electric current, luminous intensity, thermodynamic temperature and amount of substance

Mass

it refers to the amount of matter present in it

Weight

Refers to the gravitational force acting on a substance

Volume

The amount of space occupied by an object

What are the two types of scales

Platform scale and analytical scale

Dimensional Analysis

It is the method used for converting units from one system to the other

What are the Five laws of chemical combination

Law of conservation of mass

Law of definite proportion

Law of gaseous volume

Law of multiple proportion

Avogadro’s law

Law of conservation of mass

It states that maa can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction

Law of definite proportion

It states that all compounds have the same proportion of elements by weight

Law of multiple proportion

It states that when two elements are used to form two or more compounds the element that combines with a fixed mass element can be written in a simple whole number ratio

Law of gaseous volume

It states that the the gases while combining or when put through a chemical reaction combine with a simple ratio of volumes when kept in the same pressure and temperature

Avogardo’s law

It sates that the volumes of all gases remain constant when kept in the same pressure and temperature

Dalton’s atomic theory of chemical combinations

Dalton’s atomic theory states that:-

Matter is made up up indivisible atoms

Elements with the same atoms have identical mases and same properties and elements of different atoms have different masses

Compounds are formed when elements are combined in a fixed ratio

In a chemical reaction the atoms are rearranged and they can never be created nor destroyed

Carbon-12 is the ________ of carbon

Isotope

One atomic mass unit

it is defined as 1/12th of the mass of one carbon-12 atom

How many Cl- ions is the Na+ ion surrounded by?

6

Why do we use Formula mass to calculate the mass of an element of compound when we have molecular and atomic mass?

It is used because at times some compounds do not have a defined or definate division or visibility of their components thus formula mass is used

What is the difference between molecular mass and formula mass

Molecular mass is used in the calculation of compounds that are made up of molecules whereas formula mass is used for the calculation of compounds made up of ions. which are just ratios and not molecules

What are 20 items called

Score

What are 144 items called

Gross

Molar mass

it refers to the mass of one mole of a substance in grams. It means the same as atomic, molecular or formula mass it is the exact same thing.

Empirical formula

It shows the ratio of the elements in simple whole number form

Molecular formula

Represents the exact number of elements

What is the splitting and meaning of the word stoichiometry?

stoicheion which means element

metron which means mesure

Limiting regent

It is the reactant that gets used up first in the chemical reaction limiting the products produced during the chemical reaction

What are the four ways in which the concentration of a substance present in a given volume can be represented?

Mass percent

Mole fraction

molarity

molality