Time period 8 (1900-present) countries

World War I and II

Major global conflicts in which Germany played a central role leading to its division during the Cold War.

Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the USSR and the Western powers, marked by the division of Germany and influence over global politics.

Armenian Genocide

The systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians by the Ottoman Empire in 1915.

Khmer Rouge

A communist regime in Cambodia that ruled from 1975 to 1979 and was responsible for the Cambodian genocide.

Rwandan Genocide

A mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by the Hutu government in 1994, resulting in approximately 800,000 deaths.

Post-Soviet Transition

The period following the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 when countries like Armenia faced economic struggles.

Independence from Colonial Rule

The process by which countries, such as Indonesia in 1945, gained autonomy from colonial powers.

First Sub-Saharan African Independence

Ghana was the first sub-Saharan country to gain independence in 1957.

Korean War

A conflict between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953 following the division of Korea post-World War II.

Vietnam Economic Reform

Also known as 'Đổi Mới,' it refers to the economic reforms initiated in Vietnam since the 1980s to transition to a market economy.

Angola's Civil War

A conflict that followed Angola's independence in 1975, lasting until 2002, leading to significant destruction.

Ortega Administration

The current government in Nicaragua, criticized for authoritarian practices since returning to power.

Iranian Revolution

The 1979 uprising that led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic in Iran.

Algerian War of Independence

A brutal conflict from 1954 to 1962 in which Algeria fought for independence from French colonial rule.

Israeli Statehood

The establishment of Israel in 1948 amid ongoing conflict with neighboring Arabs regarding its legitimacy.

Pakistan Partition

The division of British India in 1947 that created Pakistan and India, leading to ongoing conflict.

Julius Nyerere

The first president of Tanzania, known for implementing socialist policies after its independence in 1961.

Ferdinand Marcos

The dictator of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, whose regime was marked by martial law and human rights abuses.

Pinochet's Regime

The military government led by General Augusto Pinochet in Chile following a coup in 1973.

Idi Amin

The dictator of Uganda known for his brutal regime from 1971 to 1979, causing political turmoil.

Shining Path

A terrorist organization in Peru that engaged in violence during the 1980s and 1990s.

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

The military intervention by the Soviet Union in 1979, leading to prolonged conflict and instability in Afghanistan.