Q3 Science QE - Weather and Climate

It refers to the day-to-day changes or patterns in the atmosphere at particular place and time.

Weather

Factors that determines the weather:

1. Air temperature
2. Air pressure
3. Amount and type of precipitation
4. Wind strength and direction
5. Types of clouds

This measures how hot or cold the air is.

Air temperature

This measures how heavy the air is over a unit of area.

Air pressure

DOST stands for

Department of Science and Technology

The cumulative patterns of weather in a particular place over time.

Climate

Two noticeable factors that describe climate.

1. Temperature
2. Precipitation

Temperature is influenced by:

1. latitude
2. proximity to large bodies of water
3. elevation

Precipitation is affected by:

1. Proximity to mountain ranges
2. Wind

The area above the equator is reffered to as the ___ while the area below is known as the ___.

North Hemisphere, south hemisphere

Earth rotates around its axis at an angle of ___ degrees.

23\.5

Countries ___ the equator are direcly exposed to the sun.

along

Proximity 뜻

근접성

These are surrounded by bodies of water and can have windward and leeward sides.

Islands

Areas located on the ___ of islands are cool and moist. And areas on the ___ are warm and bry.

windward side, leeward side

Areas of island where winds blow from the sea onto land

windward side

Areas where wind blows from inland toward the sea.

Leeward side

Water heats up and cools down more slowly than landmasses. (T or F)

T

Temperature decreases with ___.

Elevation

Mountain influence precipitation in two ways:

1. orographic effect
2. rainshadow effect

Occurs on the windward side of a mountain.

Orographic effect

Occurs on the leeward slope of mountains.

Rain shadow effect

It is the movement of air caused by heat from the sun.

Wind

These are gaseous substances that absord infrared radiation from the sun and trap the heat in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases

The main gases of Earth’s atmosphere:

1. Nitrogen (78%)
2. Oxygen (21%)
3. Argon (0.93%)
4. Others (0.07)

These are humanmade greenhouse gases produced as refrigenrants in air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, and heat pumps.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

What will happen if there were no greenhouse gases?

The Earth will be too cold for human survival.

Phenomenon which the areas covered by vast sheets of ice will reflect more heat to the sun than non-iced areas.

Albedo effect

It is the fraction of solar energy reflected back to space.

Albedo

This is the long-term average increase in global temperature.

Global Warming

Average increase in Earth’s temperature

Global warming

Some effects of Global Warming (4):

1. Melting of polar ice caps
2. More floods
3. Heat wave
4. Fires and Wild fires

This refers to the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of activities of an individual or organization.

Carbon footprint

This measures the use of resources against Earth’s capacity to regenerate.

Ecological footprints

Impacts of Climate change:

1. Temperature
2. Emergence of Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Illnesses
3. Dislocation of Population
4. Extreme Weather
5. Water Quality and Quantity
6. Low Soil Productivity

Climate-sensitive diseases and illnesses:

1. Heatstroke
2. Dengue
3. Waterborne Diseases
4. Foodborne Diseases

It is caused by the bacterium Leptospira and affets both humans and animals.

Leptospirosis

It refers to the loose and frequent bowel movement that can lead to dehydration if not addressed properly and immidiately.

Diarrhea

An infection caused by the salmonella bacterium.

Salmonellosis

Botulism is attributed to the bacterium ___ that thrives in expired canned food.

Clostridium botulinum

Two effects of climate change:

1. El Nino
2. La Nina

During ___, winds weaken, causing sea surface temperatures to rise.

El Nino

During ___, cooler-than-normal subsurface water accumulates in the central equatorial Pacific.

La Nina

Increased temperatures can also lead to the excessive evaporation of ___.

water

The Ethics of Climate Change:

1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2. Montreal Protocol
3. Kyoto Protocol

Scientific body that provides the world with clear scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information on climate change.

Intergovenmental Panel on Climate Change

This protocol protects the ozone layer.

Montreal Protocol

This protocol limits emission of greenhouse gases.

Kyoto Protocol