Memory Terms ap psych vocab

Vocabulary flashcards covering key memory terms and concepts from the video notes.

Effortful Processing

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort (e.g., studying).

Automatic Processing

Encoding that occurs without conscious effort (e.g., route to school).

Shallow Processing

Encoding based on surface features like appearance or sound of words.

Deep Processing

Encoding based on meaning or associations.

Chunking

Grouping items into larger, meaningful units to improve memory.

Mnemonics

Memory aids such as acronyms or rhymes to help recall.

Method of Loci

using familiar locations to remember items.

Serial Position Effect

Better recall for items at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of a list.

Primacy Effect

Better recall for the first items in a sequence.

Recency Effect

Better recall for the last items in a sequence.

Massed Practice

Cramming; studying all at once with little spacing.

Distributed Practice

Spacing study over time; also known as spaced learning.

Sensory Memory

brief storage of sensory information; iconic (visual) and echoic (auditory).

Short-Term Memory

Holds a small amount of information briefly (e.g., few items).

Working Memory

Active processing system; includes central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad.

Long-Term Memory

Permanent storage of information; includes explicit and implicit memory (episodic, semantic, procedural, autobiographical).

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repeating information to keep it active in memory.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Linking new information to meaning or existing knowledge.

Memory Consolidation

Stabilizing a memory

Hippocampus

Brain region important for forming new explicit memories.

Long-Term Potentiation

Strengthening of neural connections, aiding memory storage.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Memory loss disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline.

Infantile Amnesia

Forgetting events from early childhood.

Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories after brain injury.

Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to recall memories formed before an event.

Recall

Retrieving information without cues.

Recognition

Identifying previously learned information with cues.

Retrieval Cues

Prompts that aid recall of stored information.

Context-Dependent Memory

Recall aided by being in the same environment as encoding.

State-Dependent Memory

Recall aided by being in the same physiological state as encoding.

Mood-Congruent Memory

Recall influenced by current mood.

Testing Effect

Retrieving information during practice strengthens memory.

Encoding Failure

Failure to encode information into memory in the first place.

Forgetting Curve

Idea that memory fades over time without reinforcement.

Proactive Interference

Old information interferes with learning new information.

Retroactive Interference

New information interferes with recall of old information.

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

Temporary inability to retrieve a known word or name.

Repression

Blocking painful memories

Misinformation Effect

Memory can be altered by misleading information after the event.

Ego Influence

Personality factors can affect memory recall.

Memory Consolidation Failures

Problems in stabilizing memory storage leading to forgetting.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory

Procedural Memory

Memory for skills and actions (e.g., riding a bike).

Prospective Memory

Remembering to perform future tasks.

Multi-Store Model

Theory: sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory.

Central Executive

Controls attention and coordination in working memory

Phonological Loop

Verbal working memory system