Anatomy chapter 6 study questions

cartilage producing cells

chondrocytes

the most abundant skeletal cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

contains stretchy elastic fibers and can withstand repeated bending

elastic cartilage

has parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fibers

Fibrocartilage

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

spine

round or oval opening through a bone

Foramen

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

facet

armlike bar of bone (battering ram)

Ramus

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Trochanter

What bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stress

Compact bone

The middle of the long bone is called the _____

Diaphysis

The end of the long bone is called the_____

Epiphysis

What is implicated in osteoporsis in older women

Estrogen deficency in older women

The appendicular skeleton includes the

Bones that are appendages, arms, shoulder, legs

The axial skeleton includes the

Hips, torso and skull. All of which protect vital organs

What are the central (Haversian) canals that run through the core of each osteon

Small central pathways within the bone that houses blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic nodes to supply nutrients and remove waste.

what are perforating canals in the osteon

They are a highway of blood vessels and nerves that run perpendicular to the bone. They are filled with small blood vessels and nerves connecting to the central canals in the osteon

When do bones reach there peak density

early adulthood

What is the epiphyseal plate

A line of hyaline cartilage located at the end of long bones, Epiphysis, that acts as a conveyor belt, replacing cartilage with solid bone. This closes sometime during ealry adulthood where kids reach there max height.

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows

By pushing the epiphysis away from the Diaphysis

Spongy bone

A type of bone tissue made up of trabeculae, small needle like beams that form a honeycomb or lattice shape, and bone marrow.

compact bone

The dense outer layer of bone tissues that acts as a prtective layer of all bones.

What are the two types of bone marrow and what do they do

Red bone marrow create blood cells and yellow bone marrow stores fat

What is the most appropriate kind of cartilage in the connection of the hip bones (pubic sympysis) during childbirth

Fibrocartilage

short bones

cube like bones that are mostly spongy bone covered in thin layers of compact bone in the carpals and tarsals, wrist and ankle.

flat bone

Offer protection to vial organs and are sandwiched with two layers of compact bone and spongy bone in the middle. Places like the sternum, scapulae, skull and ribs.

Irregular bone

Complex unique shapes of bone such as the pelvis, sacrum and vertabrae

long bone

long, bar like bones that permit most movement. for example the Humerus , tibia, and femur

What are the two membranes on the bone

periosteum and Endosteum

Periosteum

Fibrous outer layer that contains nerves and blood vessels and are the anchoring points for tendons and ligaments

Endosteum

Delicate connective tissues that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone