APUSH

Baby Boom

Significant increase in birth rates post-World War II, shaping social, economic dynamics.

Kerner Commission

Investigated 1967 race riots causes, highlighted systemic racism, inequality.

William J

Father of modern suburbia, popularized mass-produced suburban housing.

Cesar Chavez

Labor leader, civil rights activist, co-founded United Farm Workers.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Sparked by Rosa Parks, led by Martin Luther King Jr., desegregated public transportation.

Sunbelt

Region in southern U.S., saw economic, demographic growth post-World War II.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Founded by Martin Luther King Jr., focused on nonviolent activism.

Black Panther Party

Advocated black self-defense, community empowerment, challenged systemic racism.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Advocated for indigenous rights, played key role in Red Power movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Outlawed discrimination, ended racial segregation in public places.

Stokely Carmichael

Popularized "Black Power," advocated for black self-determination.

Brown v

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Student-led civil rights organization, focused on nonviolent direct action.

Freedom Rides

Integrated bus journeys challenging segregation laws in the U.S.

March on Washington

Massive civil rights demonstration, highlighted demand for civil rights legislation.

Freedom Summer

Voter registration campaign in Mississippi, exposed discrimination faced by black voters.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting, expanded access to the ballot.

Malcolm X

Black nationalist leader, advocated for black self-defense, empowerment.

United Farm Workers (UFW)

Labor union founded by Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, advocated for farmworkers' rights.

Thurgood Marshall

First African American Supreme Court justice, advanced civil rights.

Conformity

Individuals adjusting attitudes, behaviors to align with prevailing norms.

Consumer Culture

Society characterized by widespread consumption of goods, services.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Largest feminist organization in the U.S., advocated for women's rights.

Mapp v

Established exclusionary rule, safeguarding individual rights.

Gideon v

Established right to legal counsel for defendants in criminal cases.

Warren Court

Known for liberal decisions on civil rights, individual liberties.

Miranda v

Established requirement to inform suspects of their rights.

Counterculture

Social movement opposing mainstream values, advocating for change.

Environmental Protections Act (EPA)

Established EPA, regulated pollution, promoted sustainability.

OPEC

Cartel of major oil-producing nations, influences global oil markets.

Watergate

Political scandal involving Nixon administration, led to reforms.

Burger Court

Known for conservative rulings on criminal justice, states' rights.

Roe v Wade

Legalized abortion nationwide, sparked debates over reproductive rights.

Moral Majority

Mobilized evangelical Christians around social, moral issues.

Reverse Discrimination

Discrimination against dominant or majority groups.

Reaganomics

Economic policies emphasizing tax cuts, deregulation.

Sandra Day O'Connor

First woman appointed to the Supreme Court, known for moderate-conservative philosophy.

Iran-Contra Affair

Involved covert sale of weapons, raised questions about executive power.

Impact of NRA

Influential lobbying organization advocating for gun rights.

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Proposed missile defense system by Reagan administration.

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

Advocated for Palestinian self-determination, central in Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Glasnost

Policy of political openness introduced by Gorbachev.

Perestroika

Economic, political restructuring in the Soviet Union initiated by Gorbachev.

Persian Gulf War

Military conflict in 1990-1991 between Iraq and a coalition of international forces, led by the United States, in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Significance:Demonstrated US military dominance and reshaped Middle East geopolitics.

Ross Perot

Businessman and political figure who ran as an independent candidate for president in 1992 and 1996, advocating fiscal responsibility and government reform. Significance:Influenced political discourse on deficit reduction and challenged the two-party system.

Republican Revolution of 1994

Refers to the midterm elections where Republicans gained control of Congress, led by Newt Gingrich's "Contract with America." Significance:Shifted power in Congress, leading to policy changes like welfare reform and tax cuts.

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

Trade agreement signed in 1994 between the US, Canada, and Mexico to eliminate tariffs and promote economic integration. Significance:Facilitated trade but raised concerns about job losses and income inequality.

9/11

Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, by al-Qaeda targeting the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Significance:Led to the Global War on Terrorism, increased security measures, and loss of lives.

DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)

Immigration policy providing temporary protection and work permits for undocumented immigrants brought to the US as children. Significance:Offered relief to Dreamers but sparked debates on immigration reform and executive authority.