Drug Use Abuse: Test 1 Review

The passage of the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act

A) came in response to increasing concerns about methamphetamine.

B) did not focus on any particular drug.

C) came after over a thousand stories about cocaine had appeared in the national media.

D) did not differentiate between crack and powder cocaine.

C) came after over a thousand stories about cocaine had appeared in the national media.

Most illicit cocaine in the U.S. is powder cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride), which is

A) usually contaminated with strychnine.

B) a form of ecstasy (MDMA).

C) also called "rock" or "crack."

D) too stable to be smoked.

D) too stable to be smoked.

Which of the following can produce paranoid psychosis?

A) methamphetamine, but not any other form of amphetamine

B) a combination of ephedrine and amphetamine

C) high doses of amphetamines

D) low doses of cocaine

C) high doses of amphetamines

The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by

A) smoking crack.

B) snorting.

C) intravenous injection.

D) mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it.

B) snorting.

Which of the following is a crude extract which is mixed with tobacco and smoked in South America?

A) crack

B) freebase cocaine

C) cocaine hydrochloride

D) coca paste

D) coca paste

___________ is defined as a method of preparing cocaine as a chemical substance so that it can be smoked.

A) Coca paste

B) Protonation

C) Acetylation

D) Freebase

D) Freebase

Amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the Chinese herb mahuang. That chemical is

A) gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB).

B) codeine.

C) ephedrine.

D) sympathamine.

C) ephedrine.

Cocaine's effects in the brain

A) result from blocking dopamine reuptake.

B) All of the answers are correct.

C) result from blocking norepinephrine reuptake.

D) result from blocking serotonin reuptake

B) All of the answers are correct.

Which famous physician studied cocaine as a treatment for morphine dependence and depression?

A) Parke Davis

B) Johns Hopkins

C) Sigmund Freud

D) Benjamin Rush

C) Sigmund Freud

Which of the following is true about the current use of amphetamines to treat depression?

A) Amphetamines are more widely used than newer antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

B) Amphetamines are rarely used because they take too long to produce positive effects.

C) Amphetamines are used mostly as an adjunctive therapy.

D) Amphetamines are never used because of their abuse potential.

C) Amphetamines are used mostly as an adjunctive therapy.

Zolpidem (Ambien) is

A) a long-acting benzodiazepine.

B) not a benzodiazepine chemically, but it has similar effects.

C) an older sleeping pill that is no longer marketed.

D) an intermediate-acting barbiturate.

B) not a benzodiazepine chemically, but it has similar effects.

Which of the following criteria is used to classify barbiturates?

A) price

B) duration of action

C) strength of hypnotic effect

D) chemical structure

B) duration of action

Which of the following statements is true of chloral hydrate?

A) it was classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in 1970.

B) It began to be used in clinical settings around the year 1870.

C) It was widely used in mental hospitals until the 1950s.

D) It was the first central nervous system depressant medication that was used widely.

B) It began to be used in clinical settings around the year 1870.

Among the barbiturates, when prescribing a sleeping pill (hypnotic), physicians would usually choose a

A) lower dose of a long-acting drug.

B) lower dose of a short-acting drug.

C) higher dose of a short-acting drug.

D) higher dose of a long-acting drug.

C) higher dose of a short-acting drug.

When benzodiazepines bind to their receptor site, they

A) reduce the membrane electrical potential.

B) block acetylcholine receptors.

C) enhance the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

D) release barbiturates.

C) enhance the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

____________ is the term used to include several symptoms: trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, or waking up too early.

A) Narcolepsy

B) Insomnia

C) Hypersonic

D) Cataplexy

B) Insomnia

Which of the following substances contains nitrous oxide?

A) whipped cream dispensers

B) fuel gas

C) spray paint

D) hair spray

A) whipped cream dispensers

The usual recreational dose of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) when taken alone is about

A) 100-200 grams.

B) 10-20 milligrams.

C) 1-5 grams.

D) 100 micrograms.

C) 1-5 grams.

___________ are defined as drugs, such as Valium, that are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders and to reduce anxiety.

A) Anxiolytics

B) Analgesics

C) Entheogens

D) Anxiogenics

A) Anxiolytics

The four most widely sold benzodiazepines are all longer-acting drugs sold primarily as

A) analgesics.

B) antidepressants.

C) anxiolytics.

D) hypnotics.

C) anxiolytics.

DAWN collects data on:

- Drug-related deaths

- Emergency room visits

heroine and cocaine lead to more...

compulsive use

How did Mariani, Halsted, and Freud popularize the use of cocaine?

Mariani: cocoa wine

Halstead: local anesthesia

Freud: depression and morphine dependence

cocaine __________ is the most common form of pure cocaine

hydrochloride

Amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

This act taxed and regulated the production, importation, and distribution of opium and coca products

1914 Harrison act

a disease that causes people to sleep suddenly

narcolepsy

this drug would be used today as a CNS depressant except it has an noxious taste and door

paraldehyde

date rape drug

Rohypnol

The half-life of amphetamines ranges from 5 to ______ hours

twelve

Risk factors are correlated with ________ rates of drug use, and protective factors are correlated with ________ rates of drug use

higher; lower

gateway drug

- a habit-forming drug that, while not itself addictive, may lead to the use of other addictive drugs

- One of the first drugs used by a typical drug user

Angelo Mariani

- developed coca wine

- used coca leaf extract in many products, including lozenge and tea

cocaine was isolated before

1860

Dr. W. S. Halsted:

- Experimented with the ability of cocaine to produce local anesthesia

- Father of modern surgery

Most illicit cocaine in the United States comes from

Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia

Amphetamine was patented in ______

1932

Substances used to treat asthma

albuterol and epinephrine

half life of amphetamines

- 5 to 12 hours

- completely eliminated within 2 to 3 days of the last dose

Barbiturates

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Barbiturates are used for

insomnia, seizures, anxiety

Meprobamate

Schedule IV; similar to tranquilizer effects

Methaqualone

an illicit depressant drug; hypnotic and sedative

Zolpidem and Ambien are examples of

nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

Four benzodiazepines examples:

Klonopin, Ativan, Valium, Xanax