american history final

NAACP

won a number of legal cases to end segregation and gain legal equality

Nation of Islam

Elijah muhammad and malcolm x advocated separation of the races

Martin luther king

peaceful protest/ passive non violent resistance

black panther party

militant group that encouraged armed confrontation

black power

african americans should control the social political and economic direction of their struggle

SNCC

young college age students who organized voter education in the south

brown v board

made segregation in public schools unconstitutional. overturned plessy v ferguson

freedom riders

rode interstate busses into the segregated south to challenge lack of enforcement

little rock 9

integrate the high school in accordance with supreme court ruling.

civil rights act '64

banned segregation in public places. outlawed employment discrimination on race and gender

march on washington

hoped to see civil rights act passed that guaranteed full citizenship rights to all african americans.

montgomery bus boycott

sparks civil rights movement. mlk becomes unofficial lead of civil rights movement

voting rights act of 1965

outlawed literacy tests for voting and increased federal authority to supervise voter registration and elections

15th amendment

guaranteed voting rights

domino theory

general fear that other countries would fall into communism

Ho chi Minh

wanted china to get the french out of asia

geneva accords

agreement that divided Vietnam into North and South

credibility gap

citizens are no longer believing what the Johnson administration is saying

kent state

ohio national guard fired on demonstrators without an order to do so, killing 4 students

tet offensive

a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968.

gulf tonkin resolution

an alleged attack that on a US spy ship in tonkin gulf by vietnamese PT boats

hawk/dove

hawk- pro war

dove- anti war

vietcong

guerilla fighters were used- no uniforms, dressed like civilians

President Johnson

johnson negotiates truce with ho chi minh for the 2 month long holiday

war power's act

established limits on powers of the of the president

Operation Rolling Thunder

A bombing campaign began in 1965 and authorized by President Johnson.

Guerrilla war

fighting marked by sabotage, ambushes, and other surprise attacks

civil rights movement

movement in the united states that tried to end racism

counterculture

a culture with values and beliefs different from those of the mainstream

woodstock

3 day music festival in Bethel NY attended by half a million people

Free Speech Movement

led by Mario SAvio at University of California when the school restricted student's rights to hand out literature and recruit volunteers for political causes on campus.

Generation Gap

lack of understanding and communication between generations

Hippie

young americans in the 1960's who rejected the conventions of society

Feminism

political, social, economic equality of men and women

equal rights amendment

guarantee gender equality under the law. *NEVER PASSED NOT AN AMENDMENT*

watergate

scandal involving Nixon and a break in at the DNC to wiretap phones and steal information

energy crisis

dependency on foreign oil and 2 fuel shortages

iran hostage crisis

after Ayatollah Khomeini led a revolution in iran, overtaking the shah, 52 americans were taken hostage for 444 days

Law and order man

went after antiwar protesters, draft dodgers, radicials, organized crime and street crime

silent majority

majority of americans who supported the government and wanted an end to turmoil ( middle america)

Detente

relaxation of tensions between US with China and USSR

Nixon-China relations

Nixon visits china ending 25 year cut off of diplomatic relations

Nixon Pardoned

President Ford's public approval ratings dropped sharply after this action.

Carter's Foreign Policy

human rights, and returned control of the canal to Panama

Nuclear energy concerns

people were worried that nuclear weapons would be used and there were safety concerns

Crisis in Confidence

Americans felt that Carter was blaming them for his economic failures

Camp David Accords

Israel and Egypt signed a treaty to negotiate peace

Iran contra scandal

brought attention to the illegal means that were used to provide support to insurgent groups. Damages reputation

Yuppie

Young ambitious hardworking money makers

Geraldine Ferraro

first woman nominated for the vice president position by a major party

operation desert storm

peace through strength

Calls SU an evil empire increased defense spending believing pressure on soviet union to match us would then cause their economy to collapse

social concerns

AIDS became part of the popular consciousness and a world issue, drugs abuse increased

reaganomics/supply side economics

supported tax cuts and higher interest rates to stimulate the economy who create jobs and invest money

Sandra Day o'connor

known as the first woman to serve in the supreme court

teflon president

seemed to avoid blame for policies and scandals

space shuttle program

The Space Shuttle program was a 30-year NASA program with the goal of sending manned vehicles into space.

persian gulf war

invasion of kuwait led to a united nations security council

clintons domestic policy

a balanced budget, healthcare

clinton scandals

clinton was accused of sexual harassment which leads to impeachment for lying under oath

OJ Simpson trial

A former football star who was acused of murdering his former wife and a young man in Los Angelos in 1994. He was eventually acquitted in the fall of 1995. This trial brought on a lot of racial tensions because most whites believed he was guitly while most blacks believed he was innocent.

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.

Dot coms

speeding up the transfer of information prosperity of economic boom in 90's driven by dotcoms

global economy

the rise of global economy increased awareness of environmental issues

columbine

two students killed 12 and a teacher and wounded 24 others. Schools across the nation raised security and zero tolerance to school violence

Ross perot

Texas billionaire and third party candidate of the 1990s who effected two presidential elections

oklahoma city bombing

timmy mcveigh anti-government extremists planted a homemade bomb near a federal near a federal building in oklahoma city killing 168 and injured 800

9/11 attacks

hijacking and crashing of four planes killing over 3,000 American civilians by al qaeda

USA Patriot Act

anti-terrorist bill that gave law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists. Made it easier to wiretap suspects, track internet communications

department of homeland security

combines 22 agencies responsible for public safety

war on terrorism

U.S. launched an attack on Afghanistan that drove the Taliban from power