Female Hormonal and Endometrial Cycles

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the female hormonal and endometrial cycles, focusing on hormones, phases, and physiological changes.

Which hormone primarily stimulates follicular development in the ovary?

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

What two hormones peak before ovulation and are a part of what gland?

FSH and LH; anterior pituitary gland

Which phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Secretory phase.

What primary hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?

Progesterone.

When do the lowest hormone levels in the menstrual cycle occur?

Just before menstruation.

Which hormone is responsible for endometrial proliferation?

Estrogen.

What structure forms after ovulation from the ruptured follicle?

Corpus luteum.

During which phase is the endometrium at its thinnest?

Menstrual phase.

Which hormone peaks first in the menstrual cycle?

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone).

The secretory phase of the endometrial cycle is primarily under the influence of which hormone?

Progesterone.

Which ovarian structure produces estrogen before ovulation?

Dominant follicle.

The rise in basal body temperature after ovulation is due to what hormone?

Progesterone.

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum does what?

Becomes corpus albicans.

What is the approximate length of the follicular phase in a 29-day cycle?

14 days.

What event marks the beginning of the ovarian cycle?

LH surge.

What is the primary purpose of progesterone?

Prepare the endometrium for implantation.

A triple-line endometrial pattern is most typical of which phase?

Proliferative phase.

A secondary ovarian follicle contains which of the following?

A oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells.

What size does a dominant follicle usually reach before ovulation?

18-22 mm.

The proliferative phase is also known as what?

Follicular phase.

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum in early pregnancy?

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin).

What describes the hormonal feedback before ovulation?

Rising estrogen triggers LH surge.

The luteal phase is characterized by what?

Corpus luteum activity.

Which structure releases the oocyte during ovulation?

Follicle.

The endometrial phase that coincides with ovulation is what?

Early proliferative phase.

What day does progesterone reach its peak?

Day 21.

What causes the decline of progesterone and estrogen?

Endometrial shedding.

FSH acts on which ovarian cells?

Granulosa cells.

The function of LH in the ovarian cycle is to what?

Trigger ovulation.

During which days does ovulation typically occur in a 28-day cycle?

Day 14

In a transvaginal scan, if the endometrium measures 10 mm and echogenic, which phase is it in?

Secretory phase.