APWH Unit 1-2 1450-1750

Filial Piety

an attitude of respect for the diety (ancestors and parents)

Champa Rice

very resistant manufactured rice, quick, ripening; gave more harvest

Textile

a clth made of thread or yarn (traded) (made clothes)

Bureaucracy

Organizes government systems (state officials make bigger decisions)

Foot-binding

restricted normal foot growth and made feet as small as possible

2 characteristics of Confucianism that heavily influenced Chinese culture and government

-social mobility; civil service exam

-gave ideas that the universe links man and nature (peaceful governing)

-cultivating rice (champa rice)

Theravada Buddhism

only monks achieved Nirvana

Mahana Buddhism

monks and laity achieved Nirvana

Similarities between Theravada and Mahyana

Same core beliefs and devotion to life and Buddha

Characteristics of the Song economy

-had commercial expansion and commercial crops

-gun powder

-technological advancements (paper money)

how the civil service exam encouraged the creation of a merit-based bureaucracy

it encouraged bureaucrats to turn to eachother for support and stability. it helped them learn skills and finish jobs quickly and efficiently

How is Neo-Confucianism different from Confucianism

neo-confucianism emphasized spiritual matters that incorporated Buddhist and Daoist concepts

Dar al-islam

its a territory where Muslims are free to practice their religion

Sultanate Empire location

India

Mamluk Empire location

Egypt

Ottoman Empire/Safavid location

Central Asia/Middle East

How did Islam spread so rapidly throughout the Middle East, Africa and South Asia

the expansion of trade caused mass growth of the Islamic belief. Used trade as invention for people to be born into Islam

Baghdad (Abbasid) advancements

technology

Cairo (Farmids)

paper making

Cordoba (Umayyads)

economic (use of merchants; credit)

Commonalities amongst Hindu and Buddist states existing in South and Southeast Asia

-the Buddhist rejected Brahmans (Hindu preachers)

-spread to southeast Asia by merchants

-they adhere to the same Gods

States developed during the time in South and Southeast Asia

-Khemer empire

-Sirviajaya empire

-Majapahit Kingdom

-Dethi Empire

-Vijayanagar empire

Major tenets of the Bhakti movements

the unity of God or are God through known by different names

Major tenets of Sufism

focuses on the reincarnation of worldly things, purification of the soul and the mystical contemplation of Gods nature (branch of Islam)

Monasticism; how did it impact Buddhism

an institutionalized religious practice of movement whose members attempt to live by a rule requiring work to go beyond laity or ordinary spiritual leaders of the religion. The laws of monasticism could survive through years of history

Indigenous civilizations that were centralized (had a strong central government)

-Ghana feudal government, trade, controlled major gold mines

-Incas; bureaucratic and intrusive, emperor at the top

Indigenous civilizations that were decentralized

-Swahili: had little city states always in war

-Mayans; organized, highly fragmented, no central authority

-Chono

Common characteristics of indigenous American culture and religions

-respect for elders

-shananism

-respect for living things

Significant states/empires that existed in Africa during this time period

-Songhai

-Mali

-Ghana

-Zimbabwe

Manorial system

a system of land holding in Medieval Europe

Decentralization

when authority cannot prevent the rise of local patterns

Serfdom

laborers work the land in return for protection (type of labor)

Feudalism

nobility held lands from crown in exchange for military

Fief

a political system n which nobles are granted the use of land belonging to the king. (exchange for loyalty, military service and protection)

Levels of the feudal pyramid

kings (gave land to nobles in exchange for protection from knights)-nobles (gave lands to knights in exchange for protection) -knights (land for food and money) -peasants

Crusades

crusaders were the Holy wars. fought between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land

Caravanersai

a roadside inn built to shelter men along with goods and animals

Interregional

connections between different regions of the world

Constantinople

Kashgar was a central trading point (grew from trade)

What religion was spread along the silk road

Buddhism

How did Mongols contribute to increase trade along the Silk Road?

Ghengis Khan tried to takeover the silk roads but did not have the military to withstand control.

Goods traded along silk road

silk

gold

gunpowder

paper

Ways the Mongols contributed to a unified Afro-Euroasia

trade routes were considered safe

trade disrupters were punished

Astrolabe

an instrument for sailors that determine location by the position of the stars

Diasporic community

immigrants that retain their cultural identities as ethnic minority groups

Tech innovations that contributed to increased trade along the Indian Ocean

-magnetic compass

-astrolabe

-Chinese Junks

why did Indian ocean trade contribute to the growth of states

the creation of Islamic empires led to lots of land being connected (by religion) (Islamic faith was very positive towards merchant activities.)

How did knowledge of the Indian Ocean and the weather patterns contribute to increased trade?

Merchants would know Monsoon wind patterns, so they could plan the trade expedition with just enough power and supplies to get there (gave them an idea of how long it would take)

What religion was spread via Indian Ocean trade

Islam

What innovations contributed to increased trade along the Sahara

-camel saddles

-stirrup

goods traded across the Sahara

-cloth

-agricultural products

-Arabian camel

What African empire benefitted from trade through the Sahara

The Mali empire, they had lots of levy taxes on salt and copper, giving them power over smaller civilizations

Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities fro one group of people to another

Urbanization

movement of people from rural areas to cities

Tech innovations that spread from greater Afro-Eurasian connectivity

Gunpowder

pocket watches

Ibn Battuta

Moroccan Muslim; went from China to Spain and Western Sudan

Margery Kempe

England; went to Rome, Germany, and Spain

Marco Polo

Venice Italy; went to Europe and Asia

Sheng He

Ming empire; went to southeast Asia and Africa

Major crops that diffused as a result of Afro-Euroasian connectivity

champa rice

bananas

wheat

Pathogen

a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host

Pathogen that was spread as a result of greater conncectivity

the black death; a bacterial disease of fleas, transmitted by flea bites to rodents to humans. High mortality rate, major outbreaks