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Furrow Irrigation
Trench dug along crops and filled with water
Drip Irrigation
Holes in hose allow water to slowly drip out; most efficient method
Flood Irrigation
flood entire field with water
Spray Irrigation
ground or surface water pumped into spray nozzles; second most efficient
Waterlogging
over saturation of water in the soil, causing all pore space to fill with water and restricting roots from taking in oxygen
Solution to Waterlogging
Drip irrigation or soil aeration
Soil Salinization
process of salt building up in water over time
Solution to Soil Salinization
drip irrigation, soil aeration, flushing with fresh water, switch to freshwater source
Industrial Water Use
power plants, metal/plastic manufacturing
Municipal Water Use
households (toilets, showers, drinking water)
Agricultural Water Use
water for livestock, irrigation water for crops; most of the water used by humans is used for this
Groundwater
water stored in pore space of permeable rock and sediment layers
Aquifers
usable groundwater deposits for humans
Groundwater Recharge
rain water percolating down through soil into aquifer
Saltwater Intrusion
excessive pumping near coast lowers water table pressure, allowing saltwater to seep into groundwater
Cone of Depression
forms when water table is lowered by excessive pumping, depleting water and drying nearby wells
