chest and lung exam and pulm pathology

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/101

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

102 Terms

1
New cards

cough HPI

onset, dry/moist, frequency, regularity, pitch, quality, sputum, associated sx, ACE inhibitors

2
New cards

SOB HPI

onset, pattern severity, associated sx, pillows with sleep, comfort, activity, inhale/exhale, tx efforts, DOE

3
New cards

chest pain HPI

onset, duration, description, associated sx

4
New cards

pleuritic chest pain

worsening with deep breath

5
New cards

wheezing HPI

onset, frequency, timing, associated sx

6
New cards

hemoptysis HPI

onset, frequency, quality, associated sx

7
New cards

fever/chills HPI

onset, frequency, associated sx

8
New cards

weight loss HPI

onset, duration, quality, associated sx

9
New cards

daytime sleepiness, snoring HPI

excessive daytime sleepiness/fatigue, snoring, witnessed apnea, awakening with choking sensation, morning HA

10
New cards

undx OSA HPI

new onset afib, large neck circumference, uncontrolled HTN, enlarged uvula, obesity, hx of CVA

11
New cards

pulm pshx/hospitalization questions

thoracic trauma/surgery, hospitalization for pulm disorders

12
New cards

pulm pmhx questions

chronic pulm disease, supp oxygen/ventilation assist device

13
New cards

pulm vax/screening questions

strep pneumo, flu, covid, low dose CT for smokers

14
New cards

pulm fhx questions

asthma, eczema, CF, clotting disorders, emphysema, bronchiectasis

15
New cards

pulm social hx questions

tobacco/nicotine, home/occupational chemical exposure, alcohol, drugs

16
New cards

bradypnea

<12 breaths/min

17
New cards

tachypnea

>20 breaths/min

18
New cards

hyperventilation

>20 breaths/min deep breathing

19
New cards

cheyne stokes breathing

varying periods of increasing depth interspersed with apnea

20
New cards

kussmal breathing

rapid, deep, labored breathing

21
New cards

biot breathing

irregularly interspersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths

22
New cards

atelectasis mechanism

collapse of lung tissue creates vacuum effect and pulls trachea towards collapse

23
New cards

finger clubbing conditions

COPD, lung cancer

24
New cards

lung fibrosis mechanism

volume loss due to scarring contracts lung

25
New cards

pneumonectomy mechanism

missing lung space pulls structures inward

26
New cards

tension pneumo mechanism

air under pressure in pleural space pushes mediastinum

27
New cards

massive pleural effusion mechanism

fluid buildup exerts pressure to push trachea

28
New cards

large tumor/mass mechanism

space occupying lesion displaces structures away

29
New cards

hemothorax mechanism

blood in pleural space increases pressure

30
New cards

decreased/absent fremitus

obesity, obstruction, COPD, pleural effusion, fibrosis, air PTX

31
New cards

asymmetric decreased fremitus

unilateral pleural effusion, PTX

32
New cards

asymmetric increased fremitus

unilateral PNA, lobar PNA, neoplasm, tumor

33
New cards

continuous breath sounds

prolonged sounds heard throughout respiratory cycle caused by airflow through narrowed/obstructed airways

34
New cards

discontinuous breath sounds

brief, intermittent, nonmusical sounds like crackles/rales heard during inspiration

35
New cards

wheeze

musical noise often heard continuously during inspiration or expiration but louder with expiration

36
New cards

rhonchi

loud, low, coarse sounds like a snore often heard continuously during inspiration/expiration

37
New cards

rhonchi cleared with coughing

suggestive of mucus accumulation along trachea/large bronchi

38
New cards

pleural friction rub

dry, rubbing, grating during inspiration/expiration loudest over lower lateral anterior surface

39
New cards

crackles/rales

either high pitched/discrete at end of inspiration or loud, bubbly noise during inspiration

40
New cards

continuous breath sounds

asthma, COPD, bronchitis, foreign body aspiration, croup

41
New cards

discontinuous lung sounds

pulmonary edema/fibrosis, pneumonia, atelectasis

42
New cards

bronchophony

spoken words heard indistinctly but with consolidation is distinct

43
New cards

whispered pectoriloquy

whisper 99

44
New cards

egophony

spoken “eee” sounds like “ay” with nasal quality from compressed lung below pleural effusion

45
New cards

pneumonia sx

acute/subacute fever, dyspnea, cough, rigors, sweats, chills, chest discomfort, SOB, palpitations, pleurisy, hemoptysis, fatigue, myalgia

46
New cards

pneumonia PE

altered breath sounds/crackles, dull to percussion, bronchial breath sounds, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxemia, rhonchi, increased TF

47
New cards

pneumonia pmhx

immunocompromised, diabetes, smoking, COPD, advanced age, hospitalizations, surgery

48
New cards

CURB 65

confusion, BUN ≥ 19, RR ≥30, SBP <90/DBP ≤60, age ≥65

49
New cards

MCC of CAP

strep pneumo

50
New cards

2nd MCC of CAP

h. flu

51
New cards

MCC of CAP in COPD

h. flu

52
New cards

MC atypical PNA

mycoplasma pneumo

53
New cards

atypical PNA onset

gradual

54
New cards

CAP onset

sudden

55
New cards

PNA with GI sx

legionella pneumophila

56
New cards

HIV PNA sx

CAP sx, cough, SOB, fever, hemoptysis, fever, chills

57
New cards

HIV PNA PE

crackles, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxemia, rhonchi, dull to percussion

58
New cards

TB PNA RF

immigrants/migrants, overcrowded housing, homelessness

59
New cards

TB PNA sxx

malaise, anorexia, weight loss, fever, night sweats, chronic cough that progresses to blood streaked

60
New cards

TB PNA PE

apical rales, increased TF over apicies, ill appearing, malnourished, tachypnea, tachycardia

61
New cards

histoplasmosis PNA social hx

chicken coops, farm buildings

62
New cards

histoplasmosis PNA sx

malaise, fever, weight loss, cough, DOE, rash, rales, hypotension

63
New cards

acute bronchitis HPI

1-3 wk cough, dyspnea, no/low fever, sore throat, HA

64
New cards

acute bronchitis PE

expiratory wheezes, rhonchi

65
New cards

transudative pleural effusion

imbalance of oncotic and hydrostatic pressure

66
New cards

exudative pleural effusion

inflammatory process with decreased lymphatic drainage

67
New cards

pleural effusion sx

dyspnea MC, cough, pleuritic chest pain

68
New cards

pleural effusion PE

dull to percussion, decreased TF, diminished breath sounds, pleural rub

69
New cards

spontaneous PTX

primary with no cause, COPD, menstruation related, traumatic

70
New cards

tension PTX

positive air pressure pushes lungs and trachea to other side

71
New cards

PTX sx

pleuritic unilateral chest pain, dyspnea at rest

72
New cards

PTX PE

absent TF, no BS, hyperresonant

73
New cards

asthma

reversible obstruction of airways

74
New cards

asthma RF

atopy, fhx, air pollution, obesity, tobacco smoke, low SES

75
New cards

asthma triggers

allergens, tobacco smoke, infections, exercise, stress, cold, GERD

76
New cards

asthma med triggers

non cardio selectivve beta blockers, aspirin, NSAIDs

77
New cards

asthma CP

episodic wheezing, SOB, chest tightness, cough, worse sx at night/early morning

78
New cards

asthma PE

pulsus paradoxus, tachycardia, accessory breathing, wheezing, pursed lips, decreased BS, nasal polyps, eczema

79
New cards

COPD emphysema sx

dyspnea, barrel chest, decreased fremitus, cachectic, pursed lips

80
New cards

COPD bronchitis sx

DOE, rales, crackles, rhonchi, wheezing, cyanosis

81
New cards

COPD PFT result

severe VQ mismatch

82
New cards

OSA clinical manifestations

daytime sleepiness, snoring, observed apnea, dry mouth, HTN

83
New cards

OSA PE

maybe normal, systemic/pulm HTN, R HF, oropharynx narrowed, increased neck/waist circumference, high mallampati score

84
New cards

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis PE

clubbing, fine crackles, diffuse opacities with honeycombing on CT

85
New cards

sarcoidosis RF

Black females 20-40 y/o

86
New cards

sarcoidosis sx

cough, dyspnea, CP, fatigue, malaise, fever, maculopapular rash, blurred vision, erythema nodosum

87
New cards

sarcoidosis PE

lofgren’s syndrome, heerfordt syndrome, lupus perino

88
New cards

lofgren’s syndrome

erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, polyarthralgia, fever, parotitis, uveitis, malaise

89
New cards

heerfordt syndrome

parotid swelling, uveitis, chronic fever, facial nerve palsy

90
New cards

lupus perino

raised discoloration on face that looks like frost bite

91
New cards

pneumoconiosis

inhalation of various substances that can cause fibrosis of the lungs

92
New cards

pneumoconioses

silicosis, coal worker’s berylliosis, byssinosis, asbestosis

93
New cards

pulmonary embolism RF/hx

personal VTE hsx, estrogen, surgery, thrombophilia, active malignancy, immobilization, virchow’s triad

94
New cards

pulmonary embolism sx

acute SOB, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, unilateral leg swelling, hemoptysis, syncope, hypotension

95
New cards

squamous cell carcinoma

from bronchial epithelium, present as intraluminal mass centrally located with hemoptysis

96
New cards

adenocarcinomas

from mucus glands/epithelial cells within/distal to terminal bronchioles

present as peripheral nodules/masses

97
New cards

MC lung cancer

adenocarcinoma

98
New cards

lung cancer sx

(MC asymptomatic), weight loss, new cough or change in chronic cough, hemoptysis, pain, pleural effusion, change in voice, shoulder pain

99
New cards

COPD bronchitis

pathology?

100
New cards

COPD emphysema

pathology?

<p>pathology?</p>