Helicobacter pylori

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7 Terms

1
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What type of organism is HP?

  • Bacteria

2
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Describe the structure of HP

  • Gram neg

  • Helix

  • Highly motile

3
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Describe the frequency of occurrences of HP

  • 50% have HP as part of their normal stomach flora

  • Usually over 80% of these are asymptomatic

4
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Describe the damage caused by HP

  • Chronic gastritis at site of infection

  • Cleaves urea into ammonia and CO2, which neutralizes acid in lining, less protective against consumed carcinogens

  • VacA toxin disrupts cell-cell junctions to penetrate further in epithelium, forming reservoir protected from AB

5
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What drugs are used to treat HP infection?

  • Omeprozole (PPI, less acidic aids AB access and function, also assists repair of ulcers)

  • Amoxicillin (penicillin derivative with less AMR against it)

  • Clarithromycin (targets bacterial 50S)

6
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How does HP inflammation drive cancer development?

  • Macrophages and T cells recruited to site of infection release TNF-alpha (activates NFkB pathway, less sensitive to apoptosis)

  • Also release macrophage inhibitory factor MIF which suppresses p53 response, driving proliferation

  • Produce CagA toxin, activates many cancer-associated signal transduction pathways

7
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Why is it hard to develop a HP vaccine?

  • Over 100 genomes completely sequenced

  • Large diversity of strains and antigen presentation