crude oil

what is fractional distillation

process of separating crude oil into parts of liquids based on their boiling points

how does fractional distillation works

crude oil is heated

part of crude oil gets evaporated first and rises to the fractional columns

hydrocarbons condense and are trapped why the fractional columns

in the part of the fractional column where do low boiling points and high boiling points liquids

low boiling points- high part of the fraction column

high boiling points- bottom part of the fraction column

from bottom to up, what is the order of the crude oil

bitumen

fuel oil

diesel

kerosene

gasoline

refinery glass

what are the uses for bitumen

road surfacing

waht is fuel oil for

fuel for ships

waht is diesel for

fuel for buses

what is kerosene for

jet fuel

what is petrol for

fuel for cars

what is refinery glass

cooking and heating

what is the trend in crude oils

the longer the carbon chain, the darker the liquid is, higher boiling point, and more thicker.

The shorter the carbon chain is, the liquids colour will have a lighter colour, lower boiling point and less thicker.

define fuel

substance that releases heat energy when burned.

what are the products and reactants in combustion

hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

what is created in incomplete combustion

carbon monoxide

why is carbon monoxide dangerous

becuase it binds onto the haemogoblin in the blood, this decreases the amount of oxygen transferring into the cells that need respiring.

what forms in car engines

since the temperature in the car engines are very high, nitrogen and oxygen inside the car engine can react forming nitrogen oxide

why is nitrogen oxide dangerous

becuase it contributes to acid rain

how does sulfur dioxide form

when buying crude oil that contains sulphur impurities

why is sulfur dioxide dangerous

creates acid rain that

• harms aquatic life

• damages buildings that are made up of limestone

• harms plants

what is catalyst cracking

when the process of cracking is happening but using a catalyst such as alumina at very high temperatures (600-700 degrees)

define alkanes

they are saturated hydrocarbons

define alkenes

they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

how are catalyst used

when the liquid from the crude oil gets evaporated, it goes over the catalyst, this breaks the longer molecules into smaller ones to make them more useful.

what are short alkanes used for

fuel

what are short alkenes used for

making polymers