Từ vựng tiếng Anh kinh tế

sole proprietorship

a company owned by one person

partnership

a business owned by two or more people

subsidiary

a company controlled by another company

shareholders

the people who own shares in a company

headquater

a company that sells the right to use its business model

motivate

encourage employees to work harder

allocate

distribute resources or budget for a specific purpose

recruit

hire new employees for a company

merge

combine two companies into one (sáp nhập)

budget

financial plan for a specific period (ngân sách)

inventory

stock of goods or materials held by a business (hàng tồn kho)

subsidy

financial support from government to lower prices (tiền trợ cấp)

stragtegy

long-term plan to achieve business goals

suppliers

entities that provide goods or services to businesses (nhà cung cấp)

subordinates

employees under the authority of a manager (cấp dưới)

competitors

companies offering similar products in the same market (đối thủ cạnh tranh)

dismiss

terminate an employee’s job (sa thải)

outsource

hire external firms to do internal work (thuê ngoài)

financing

providing finds for business activities (huy động vốn)

marketing

promoting and selling products or services (tiếp thị)

democratic

management style with shared decision-making (dân chủ)

participative

involving employees in the decision process (có sự tham gia)

flexible

able to adapt quickly to changes

autocratic

management style with absolute power held by one leader (độc đoán)

Turnover

total sales or speed of replacing inventory/staff(doanh thu/tốc độ luân chuyển)

Output

amount of goods produced by a company(sản lượng)

workforce

total number of employees in a company or country (LLLĐ)

objective

specific goal a business wants to achieve (mục tiêu)

obstacle

problem or barrier that hinders progress (trở ngại)

overtime

extra hours worked beyond standard time (tăng ca)

outlet

retail store selling products directly to public( đại lý, cửa hàng tiêu thụ)

advertised

publicly promoted to attract customers (được quảng cáo)

delegated

tasks assigned to others with lower authority (được giao phó)

manufactured

goods produced on a large scale using machinery (được sản xuất)

purchased

goods or services bought with money(được mua)

logistics

managing the movement and storage of goods (hậu cần)

accounting

recording and reporting financial transactions (kế toán)

management

controlling and directing an organization (quản lý)

distribution

delivering products to customers or retail locations(phân phối)

corporation

large business legally distinct from its owners (tập đoàn/công ty cổ phần)

consortium

association of several companies for a joint project (liên minh, hiệp hội)

franchise

license to sell a well-known brand’s products (nhượng quyền thương mại)

monopoly

market with only one seller of a product (tình trạng độc quyền)

subsidiary

company controlled by a parent company (công ty con)

cartel

group of business colluding to control prices (các-ten, hiệp hội độc quyền)

warehouse

large building for storing goods( kho hàng)

workshop

room or building where manufacturing or repairs are done (xưởng sản xuất)

showroom

room used to display products for sale

acquisition

buying another company to gain control (sự mua lại)

syndicate

group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest ( tập đoàn tài chính/ công hội)

spin-off

creating a new independent company from an existing one (công ty tách ra từ công ty mẹ)

alliance

agreement to cooperate for mutual business benefits (liên minh kinh tế)

liquidation

closing a business and selling assets to pay debts (sự thanh lý-tài sản/ công ty)

consultants

experts who provide professional advice to businesses (chuyên gia tư vấn)

multinational

company operating in several countries (công ty đa quốc gia)

expansion

growth of a business in size or scale (sự mở rộng)

diversification

entering new markets or producing new types of products(sự đa dạng hóa)

primary sector

extraction of raw materials and natural resources

secondary sector

manufacturing and processing raw materials into finished goods

tertiary/service sector

providing services to cosumers and businesses

quaternary sector

knowledge-based activities involving information, research, and high technology

distribution channel

chain of intermediaries to deliver products to consumers (Kênh phân phối)

market opportunities

favorable conditions to introduce new products or services(Cơ hội thị trường)

market penetration

strategy to increase sales of existing products in current markets (Sự thâm nhập thị trường)

market segmentation

dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers.(Phân khúc thị trường)

market skimming

setting a high initial price before lowering it over time.(chiến lược hớt váng sữa)

price elasticity

Measure of how demand changes when price changes.(độ co giãn của cầu theo giá)

product differentiation

Making a product distinct from competitors' offerings.(sự khác biệt hóa sản phẩm)

product features

Characteristics or functions of a product.(đặc tính sản phẩm)

sales representative

Person who sells goods on behalf of a company.(đại diện bán hàng)

wholesaler

Business that buys in bulk and sells to retailers. (nhà buôn bán sỉ)

deposit

Money placed in a bank or paid as a first installment. (tiền gửi/tiền đặt cọc)

loan

Borrowed money that must be repaid with interest.(khoản vay)

capital

Financial assets needed to run a business.(vốn)

stocks or shares

Certificates of ownership in a corporation.(cổ phiếu/phần)

income

Money received by individuals or businesses.(thu nhập)

revenue

Total money earned from sales before expenses.(doanh thu)

asset

Anything of economic value owned by a business.(tài sản)

expenditure

Total amount of money spent by a business.(chi phí)

transactions

Instances of buying or selling leverage.(giao dịch)

liabilities

Legal financial obligations owed to other entities.(nợ phải trả)

debt

Money owed that is overdue or due for payment.(khoản nợ)

debit

Entry recording a sum owed or spent.(bên nợ)

credit

Entry recording money received or ability to borrow. (tín dụng)

tangible

Physical assets that can be touched (e.g., buildings, machinery).(hữu hình)

intangible

Non-physical assets with value (e.g., patents, goodwill).(vô hình)

accrued

Expenses or revenues recognized but not yet paid.(tích lũy, cộng dồn)

deffered

Revenue received but not yet earned (or delayed expenses).(trì hoãn)

equity

Value of assets minus total liabilities.(vốn chủ sở hữu)

differentiated

Products made unique and distinct from others.(khác biệt)

market challengers

Firms fighting hard to increase market share(kẻ thách thức thị trường)

market followers

Firms that copy the leader's products and strategies.(kẻ bám đuôi thị trường

market leaders

Company with the largest market share in an industry.(kẻ dẫn đầu thị trường)

market segmentation

phân khúc thị trường

market share

Percentage of total sales controlled by a company.(thị phần)

niche

Small, specialized market for a specific product.(thị trường ngách)

unique selling proposition (USP)

The exclusive benefit that makes a product stand out.(điểm bán hàng độc nhất)