pathology prostate

radiation therapy

External beam, brachytherapy

microwave therapy

Use microwave to ablate tumor

cryotherapy

Freeze tumor

chemotherapy for prostate

Give testosterone suppressing drugs

possible complications of prostatectomy

• impotence

• Incontinent

• Erectile dysfunction

• Tumor reoccurrence (Because all tissue cannot be removed)

why is some tissue left after Prostatectomy

due to its connection to the urethra (Periurethral zone)

what is the treatment for prostate cancer?

Prostatectomy

what percentage does adenocarcinoma arise from other glands?

• 20% from transitional zone

• 10% from central zone

adenocarcinoma usually arises from

peripheral zone, 70%

lab values of adenocarcinoma

• elevated acid phosphatase

• elevated or rising PSA

symptoms of adenocarcinoma

• Mostly asymptomatic

• Excessive urine

• Urinary urgency

• Trouble starting urine

• weak urine stream

what is the most common malignancy in men?

Add no carcinoma of the prostate

symptoms of prostatitis

• Fever

• chills

• Dysuria

• Lower back pain

• Rectal pain

Acute prostatitis

Acute infection of the prostate gland

prostatitis

Inflammation or infection of the prostate gland

temporary device (TIND)

• Temporary implant widen urethra

• removed later

• Higher chance of re-treatment

prostatic urethral lift (PUL)

• Small implants pull prostate away from urethra

• Opens urine flow without removing tissue

prostatic artery Embolization

blocks blood supply to prostate → shrinks it

aquablation

uses high water jets

pharmaceutical treatment for BPH can

• bladder and prostate muscles

• Stop prostate growth and may shrink

• Maybe be taken alone or in combination

transurethral resection

• Surgical procedure to relieve moderate to severe symptoms caused by BPH

• Excess prostate tissue blocking urine flow is removed

BPH symptoms

• nocturia

• Difficulty starting/stopping pee

• Urinary urge

• Pay more often

• Can’t empty bladder fully

BPH is most frequent with

Progressing age

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Enlargement/hypertrophy of the transitional zone of the prostate gland

may cause: Urinary obstruction

Gleeson’s pattern scale five

• Lack of or occasional gland sheets of cells

• Measures past poorly differential anaplastic

Gleason scale pattern 4

• Irregular masses of neoplastic cells with fewer glands

• Past poorly differentiated anaplastic

gleason pattern scale 3

• distinctly Infiltration of cells from glands at margins

• between moderately and poorly differentiated anaplastic

Gleeson’s pattern scale two

• More space between glands (stroma)

• Between well differentiated and moderately differentiated

Gleeson’s pattern scale one

• Small uniform glands

• Well-differentiated

what scoring system updated the Gleeson score?

• International Society of neurological pathology

• It ranges from 1 to 5

Gleason score

Scale used to evaluate prostate tissue from a biopsy or prostectomy

what groups of men are at a higher risk for prostate cancer

• men over 50

• Men considered high risk over 40

• African-American men

• Family history

how many samples are taken during systemic transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy?

12 samples minimum

biopsy patient prep:

What medical procedures are taken?

• Tapwater enema before

• Prophylactic antibiotic begins day before

biopsy patient prep:

What can patient eat or drink prior?

• Directed to be NPO or only clear liquids

• Magnesium citrate or other laxative night before