Non-Bursate Nematodes

Toxocara canis

“Roundworm of Dogs”

Transmission: ingestion, trans-placental, nursing

Signs: GI signs, pot-belly, intestinal obstruction

Zoonotic

Toxocara felis

“Roundworm of Cats”

Transmission: ingestion, nursing

Signs: none, “poor doer”, pot-belly, worm vomit

Zoonotic

Toxascaris leonina

No hepatotrachael migration

Ascaris suum

“Swine Ascarid”

Signs: pneumonia, “milk spots”, lung damage

Eggs are sticky & hard to disinfect

Parascaris spp.

“Equine Roundworm”

Signs: cough, nasal discharge

Affects foals <6 months, shedding millions of thick eggs surviving 12 months

Toxocara vitulorum

“Roundworm of Cattle”

Transmission: Nursing

Calves experience intestinal impaction & death

Baylisascaris procyonis

“Raccoon Roundworm”

Shed latrines that hatch larvae w/ affinity for neural tissue in humans, zoonotic

Oxyuris equi

“Pinworm of Horses”

Where: cecum, colon, rectum

Enterobius vermicularis

“Human Pinworm”

Not parasite of dogs & cats, doesn’t infest carnivores 

Strongyloides westerii

Horse Intestinal Threadworm

Strongyloides spp.

Dog Intestinal Threadworm

Trichuris vulpis ovis & suis

“Whipworms”

Where: cecum & colon

Signs: diarrhea, bloody stool, straining, weight loss

Pearsonema plica & feliscati

Transmission: earthworm ingestion

Where: bladder, urine

Trichinella spiralis

“Trichina Worm”

Where: small intestine of swine, carnivores, & humans

Transmission: ingestion of muscle w/ larval cyst

Pigs are final & transport host

Habronema & Draschia

Stomach: eating fly or larvae on skin

Skin: flies deposit L3 on wound, “summer sores"

Thelazia californiensis

“Eye Worms”

Transmission: Musca flies

Adults live in conjunctival sac, eggs & larvae in lacrimal secretions

Spirocerca lupi

“Esophageal Worm”

Transmission: ingestion of dung beetle or transport host

Worms live in nodules, eggs expelled through tacts

Physaloptera spp.

“Stomach Worm”

Who: dogs & cats

Signs: vomiting, diarrhea, melena

Dioctophyma renale

“Giant Kidney Worm of Dogs”

Transmission: eggs in urine ingested by earthworm, ingested by dog

Infests R kidney, ingesting tissue, leaving capsule

Dirofilaria immitis

“Canine Heartworm”

Transmission: female mosquitoes

Where: R ventricle & pulmonary artery

Signs: none to heart failure

In cats (& ferrets), no microfilaria, lung disease, aberrant migration 

Onchocerca spp.

Transmission: Culicoides

Where: under skin of horses & ruminants, to nuchal ligament

Causes “cutaneous onchocerciasis”