Cognitive Psychology - Chapter 4 Review

Short-term memory capacity limitation

About 7 ± 2 chunks of information.

Backward counting in short-term memory experiments

Used to ensure that a person is not able to rehearse during the delay.

Recency effect in recall

Usually attributed to information that remains in short-term memory at the time of recall.

Decreasing proactive interference effects

Happens when you shift to a different category of items to learn.

Release from proactive interference

Occurs when previous trials required remembering words from a different semantic category.

Working memory

Brief memory for information that a person is currently processing.

Phonological loop functioning

May give rise to acoustic confusions in working-memory tasks.

Interference in driving while listening to a game

Attributed to the limited capacity of the visuospatial sketchpad.

Brain region activated in visual and spatial tasks

Right cerebral hemisphere, especially the frontal and parietal lobes.

Component coordinating behavior in Baddeley's model

Central executive.

Brain region activated in tasks requiring central executive

Frontal lobe.

Correlation of working-memory task scores

They're correlated with overall intelligence and grades in school.

Technique for studying attention shifts

The event-related potential technique (ERP).

Impact of major depression on working memory

People have difficulty with some working memory tasks.

ADHD populations and working memory differences

Show deficits in phonological loop, central-executive functioning, and visuospatial sketchpad.