Physics - Unit 2 Exam Key Terms

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24 Terms

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Kepler’s 1st Law
planets move in elliptical orbits w/ the Sun at one focus point
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Law of Universal Gravitation
a physical law that describes the attraction between any two objects with mass
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Angular Displacement
the change in the angle (theta) as an object rotates

(measured in degrees or radians)
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Angular Velocity
the object’s angular dp divided by the time taken to make the angular dp
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Angular Acceleration
the change in angular velocity divided by the time taken to make the change
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Torque
describes the combination of a force and lever arm that can cause an object to rotate
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Moment of Inertia
a point object’s resistance to changes in angular velocity
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Newton’s Second Law for Rotational Motion
a law which relates torque, moment of inertia, and rotational kinematics
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Impulse
the average net force exerted on the object multiplied by the time interval over which the force acts
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Momentum
the measurement of a mass in motion, a vector quantity
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Angular Momentum
the measurement of a mass in rotational motion
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Law of Conservation of Momentum
if there are no net external torques acting on a system, then the angular momentum is conserved

Lf = Li
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Work
the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied through a displacement
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Joule
the SI unit of work

1 N\*m = 1 J
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Energy
the ability of a system to produce a change in itself or its environment
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Work-Energy Theorem
the work done on a system is equal to the change in energy of the system
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Power
the rate at which energy is transformed
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Watt
a unit of power

1 J/s = 1 Watt
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Kinetic Energy
energy associated with motion
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Potential Energy
energy stored due to the interactions of two or more objects
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Thermal Energy
the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in a system
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Law of Conservation of Energy
in a closed, isolated system, energy can neither be created nor destroyed (energy is conserved)
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Elastic Collision
a collision in which kinetic energy doesn’t change
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Inelastic Collision
a collision in which kinetic energy decreases