Boc prep pt 13

What position is used to MMT the gluteus maximus while minimizing hamstring involvement?

Knee and hip extension

Which referral alerts suggest a cardiovascular issue?

Chest pain, shortness of breath, unexplained swelling in arms and legs

Which bony landmarks are located on the calcaneus?

Sustentaculum tali, peroneal tubercle, lateral cuboid articulation

Where is pain typically centralized with plantar fasciitis?

Medial calcaneal tubercle

What outbreak triggers should someone with repeated herpes simplex eruptions avoid?

Fatigue, psychological stress, and sunlight exposure

Which muscles insert on the medial aspect of the tibia just distal to the medial condyle?

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

What is the initial vascular response following trauma?

Transient vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation

What lung sound is expected with uncontrolled asthma?

Wheezing

A positive Hawkins-Kennedy test indicates pathology in what structures?

Rotator cuff group, especially supraspinatus, or long head of biceps brachii tendon

A 13-year-old athlete with chronic joint pain, stiffness, and swelling without injury may have what condition?

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

An athlete with polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss likely has what condition?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus; confirmed with fasting blood glucose levels

What muscle originates from the ribs and inserts on the coracoid process?

Pectoralis minor

What is the highest level of evidence?

Meta-analysis

A test's ability to detect patients who do not have the disorder is called what?

Specificity

After splinting, worsening pain should be assessed by checking what?

Capillary refill distal to the injury site

Athletes who exaggerate or fake signs and symptoms are demonstrating what?

Malingering

When rehabilitating an antagonist muscle while the agonist is overactive, what is the first step?

Stretch the agonist

How is true leg length discrepancy commonly measured?

ASIS and medial malleolus

What joint is known as the Lisfranc joint?

Tarsometatarsal joint

Where does the iliotibial band insert?

Gerdy's tubercle

Which muscles make up the pes anserine group?

Gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus

How many vertebrae segments make up the spinal column?

33 vertebrae

What is the diagnostic gold standard for trauma to the thorax?

Computer tomography (CT)

What is the gold standard for diagnosing a pulmonary embolism?

Angiogram

What type of airway is frequently used by emergency medical personnel when they cannot visualize the internal structures of the throat?

Blind airway

What device allows a patient to inhale oxygen from a bag connected to oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide?

Non-rebreather mask

What is listening to sounds within the body using a stethoscope called?

Auscultation

What is the final aspect of abdominal evaluation before special tests or diagnostic exams?

Percussion

Which section of the ICF contains history, pain questionnaires, examination notes, and stability test results?

Body structure and functions

Which fractures occur due to cumulative microtrauma?

Stress fractures

When two athletic trainers evaluate the same athlete, what type of reliability must be highest?

Interrater reliability

What is diagnostic accuracy?

How often the same results are obtained

What is the diagnostic gold standard?

A test with the highest diagnostic accuracy, usually more expensive

What does predictive value describe?

How often a positive finding is correct

What does likelihood ratio incorporate?

A test's sensitivity and specificity and is not influenced by prevalence

What is the temporary cessation of breathing called?

Apnea

A patient can extend the leg against gravity but cannot overcome resistance. What MMT grade is this?

Fair 3/5

What provides a broad framework for the examination process?

ICF

Weakness of which muscle causes scapular winging?

Serratus anterior

A Bankart lesion is caused by what ligament pulling off with part of the labrum?

Inferior glenohumeral ligament

What is the starting position for the empty can test?

GH abducted 90° in the scapular plane with the humerus internally rotated

What muscle inserts on the coracoid process?

Pectoralis minor

Injury to what nerve roots may cause deltoid muscle atrophy?

C5 and C6

Which rotator cuff muscle internally rotates the humerus?

Subscapularis

What is the closed-packed position of the GH joint?

90° abduction with external rotation

The upper extremity's only attachment to the axial skeleton occurs at what joint?

Sternoclavicular joint

What radial fracture displaces palmarly?

Smith's fracture

What fracture occurs at the base of the first metacarpal and extends into the articular surface?

Bennett's fracture

Which carpal bone floats on the triquetrum?

Pisiform

What injury involves rupture of the central extensor tendon causing lateral bands to slip palmarly at the PIP?

Boutonnière deformity

Which carpal bone forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

Scaphoid

What wrist pathology is associated with clicking on the ulnar side of the wrist?

Triangular fibrocartilage tear (TFCC)

What nerve travels through Guyon's tunnel?

Ulnar nerve

What is the primary extensor of the lateral four fingers' IP joints and assists with wrist extension?

Extensor Digitorum

What is the angle formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna?

Carrying angle

Which nerve enters the elbow at the arcade of Struthers?

Ulnar nerve

Which UCL bundle is the primary restraint against valgus force when the elbow is flexed beyond 60°?

Posterior bundle

The radioulnar joints are classified as what type of joint?

Syndesmotic

What forms the lateral humeral articulating surface at the distal border of the lateral epicondyle?

Capitellum

What Y-shaped hip ligament originates from the AIIS?

Iliofemoral ligament

What position describes a posterior hip dislocation?

Adduction and internal rotation

What position is used to MMT the gluteus maximus while minimizing hamstring involvement?

Knee and hip extension

What ligament can be palpated by placing the knee at 90° flexion and externally rotating and abducting the hip?

LCL

Injury to what structure causes edema instead of joint effusion?

LCL

What injury results from an abducted first ray at the MTP joint?

Hallux valgus

What pelvic measurement indicates anterior pelvic tilt?

More than a 10° angle between the ASIS and PSIS relative to horizontal

Which tarsal bone is considered the "keystone" of the medial longitudinal arch?

Navicular

If agonist and antagonist muscles co-contract, what type of muscle action occurs?

Isometric

What imaging modality shows articular cartilage lesions and some soft tissue lesions?

Computed tomography (CT)

What imaging modality visualizes soft tissue structures, especially ligaments and meniscus injuries?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

What imaging modality shows bone lesions, joint surfaces, and joint spaces?

Radiography (X-ray)

What test assesses motor and sensory nerves to detect pathology?

Nerve conduction tests

What imaging method includes a bone scan?

Nuclear medicine

What imaging method is used to guide injections?

Ultrasonic imaging (Ultrasound)

What test evaluates muscle physiology at rest and with activity?

Electromyography (EMG)

What characterizes a second-degree sprain?

A soft but definite endpoint is present

What is growth of extra bone caused by stress reaction or irregular forces called?

Exostosis

Which nerve injury is the least serious?

Neurapraxia

What is the primary function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Limits spinal extension

What is the least common form of thoracic outlet syndrome?

Vascular

C4 motor test?

Shoulder shrug

C5 motor test?

Shoulder abduction

C5 reflex test?

Biceps reflex

C5 dermatome?

Deltoid region

C6 motor test?

Elbow flexion

C6 reflex test?

Brachioradialis reflex

C6 dermatome?

Thumb and index finger

C7 motor test?

Elbow extension

C7 reflex test?

Triceps reflex

C7 dermatome?

Middle finger

C8 motor test?

Finger opposition

C8 dermatome?

Ring and pinky finger (ulnar nerve)

T1 motor test?

Finger abduction

T1 dermatome?

Inside of upper arm

What nerve roots make up the cervical plexus?

C1-C4

What is the gold standard for diagnosing an intervertebral disc lesion?

Discography

What is the space where spinal nerve roots exit the vertebral column?

Intervertebral foramen

What is failure of the first sacral vertebra to unite with the remainder of the sacrum called?

Lumbarization

What is the primary flexor of the spine?

Rectus abdominis

Which spinal segment has the greatest ROM and which provides the greatest protection?

Cervical has greatest ROM; thoracic provides greatest protection