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Equilibrium
When quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
If things aren’t equilibrium, then either shortage or surplus
Surplus
Excess supply
When quantity supply > quantity demand at current price
Shortage
Excess demand
When quantity demand > quantity supply at current price
Price control
Legal restrictions on how high or low a marktet price can go
Price ceilings (price control)
Maximum price sellers are allowed to charge on a produce
Set below equilibrium because it prevents prices from rising
Artificially created shortage
Ex. Rent control (shortage of housing)
Price floors (price control)
Minimum price buyers are allowed to pay for a product
Set above equilibrium because it prevents price from falling
Creates artificial surplus
Ex. Minimum wage (surplus of workers)
Rationing
When government controls distribution of a product to prevent scarcity