Eswatini Junior Certificate Development Studies Syllabus Review

These vocabulary flashcards are derived from the official glossary and curriculum content of the Junior Certificate Development Studies Syllabus for 2027 in Eswatini.

Development Studies

A curriculum designed to encourage candidates to comprehend changes in how society works and how these changes support or obstruct the realization of human potential, focusing on economic, environmental, social, and political interactions.

Sustainable Development

Development which uses resources in a way that allows present generations to meet their needs without impacting on the capacity of future generations to meet their needs.

Aid

Loans and goods given to LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) by MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries).

Birth rate

The number of live births per $1,000$ people per year.

Capitalism

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and means of production are owned and controlled by individuals and not by the state.

Communism

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and means of production are owned by the state.

Conservation

Ways to preserve, save, prevent loss or neglect of natural resources.

Constitution

A legal document stating how a country is to be governed.

Death rate

The number of deaths per $1,000$ people per year.

Decentralization

The spread of power away from the centre to local branches.

Deforestation

The clearing of trees and vegetation, usually to plant crops.

Democracy

A system of government by the whole population typically through elected representatives.

Demographic transition

The change in population over a period of one or two centuries from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Dependency

The economic and technological reliance of poor countries on rich countries.

Disaster

A natural or human-made occurrence that can cause damage to life and property and destroy a country’s economic, social, and cultural life.

Discrimination

The unfair treatment of different groups of people.

Drought

A prolonged period without rain.

Emigrant

A person who leaves his/her country to live in another country.

Environment

The surroundings in which plants, people and animals live.

Fair trade

When producers receive a guaranteed fair, minimum price for their products regardless of the price on the world market.

Free trade

International trade left to take its natural course without tariffs, quotas or other restrictions.

Global warming

A gradual warming of the Earth’s climate.

Gross National Product (GNP)

The total value of goods and services produced by a country both locally and overseas.

Human rights

Freedom and entitlements that belong to all.

Infant mortality

The average number of deaths of children under $1$ year of age per $1,000$ live births.

Infrastructure

What a country needs to support production, such as roads, rail, and telecommunications.

Life expectancy

The number of years, on average, that a person born in a particular country might be expected to live.

Natural increase

Population growth caused by an excess of births over deaths.

Non-governmental organisation (NGO)

An independent organization such as a charity that gives aid to vulnerable people.

Population density

The number of people living per square kilometre.

Trade deficit

The amount by which the cost of a country’s imports exceeds the value of its exports.

Urbanization

The process by which an increasing number of a country’s population live in urban areas.

Gender mainstreaming

The process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes.

Outsourcing

The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them.