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memory distortion
a collection of phenomena that demonstrates how our long term memories are not always permanent
critical lure
centrally related word
schema
cognition structure that helps us perceive, organize, process, and organize information
suggestibility
defined a development of false memories form misleading information
memory bias
defined as the changing of memories to fit current beliefs or attitudes
source misattribution
happen with the time, place, people, or circumstances involved with a memory
mood currency
tendency to remember emotionally charged information best when you are in a mood matching that emotion
mood dependency
tendency to remember information best in the same mood in which you learned it
encoding specify principle
idea that any stimuli that is encoded along with an experience can trigger a memory for the experience
retrieval cues
encoded along with the information
intelligence
defined as you ability to use knowledge to do many things
psychometric tests
that’s that examine what people know and how they solve problems
achievement tests
assess peoples current level of skill and knowledge
aptitude tests
try to predict what skills and in jobs people will be good at in the future
mental age
determined by comparing a child test score with the average score for children for each chronological age
intelligence quotient IQ
intelligence test based in mental age
factor analysis
measure the relationship among different skills and intelligence test tasks
modularity
claims cognitive skills are mutually independent of each other
decision making
the selection of the best alternatives from among several options
expected utility theory
the dominate theory for decision making held that people simply calculate the expected utility or value of the possible choices for nay decision they need to make and choose the option that maximizes the desired outcome
framing
state that we way a choice is worded can substantially change its psychological prospects
representativeness heuristic
directs us to choose the most plausible conclusion when we are unsure of which conclusion is most probable
availability heuristic
tells us to replace a question we cannot realistically answer with a similar question whose answer is more readily available
