ZAPS: False Memory, Memory Bias, Measuring intelligence, and Decision Making

memory distortion

a collection of phenomena that demonstrates how our long term memories are not always permanent

critical lure

centrally related word

schema

cognition structure that helps us perceive, organize, process, and organize information

suggestibility

defined a development of false memories form misleading information

memory bias

defined as the changing of memories to fit current beliefs or attitudes

source misattribution

happen with the time, place, people, or circumstances involved with a memory

mood currency

tendency to remember emotionally charged information best when you are in a mood matching that emotion

mood dependency

tendency to remember information best in the same mood in which you learned it

encoding specify principle

idea that any stimuli that is encoded along with an experience can trigger a memory for the experience

retrieval cues

encoded along with the information

intelligence

defined as you ability to use knowledge to do many things

psychometric tests

that’s that examine what people know and how they solve problems

achievement tests

assess peoples current level of skill and knowledge

aptitude tests

try to predict what skills and in jobs people will be good at in the future

mental age

determined by comparing a child test score with the average score for children for each chronological age

intelligence quotient IQ

intelligence test based in mental age

factor analysis

measure the relationship among different skills and intelligence test tasks

modularity

claims cognitive skills are mutually independent of each other

decision making

the selection of the best alternatives from among several options

expected utility theory

the dominate theory for decision making held that people simply calculate the expected utility or value of the possible choices for nay decision they need to make and choose the option that maximizes the desired outcome

framing

state that we way a choice is worded can substantially change its psychological prospects

representativeness heuristic

directs us to choose the most plausible conclusion when we are unsure of which conclusion is most probable

availability heuristic

tells us to replace a question we cannot realistically answer with a similar question whose answer is more readily available