APUSH Units 1-5 Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering lecture notes from APUSH Units 1-5, focusing on key concepts, events, and vocab

What is the time period of APUSH Unit 1?

1491-1607

What symbolic event does the year 1491 represent in APUSH?

The Americas before European contact

What symbolic event does the year 1607 represent in APUSH?

The founding of Jamestown

What should one remember about Native Americans before European contact?

They were a diverse people

What did coastal regions develop due to the abundance of resources?

Permanent settlements

Give an example of a people in the coastal regions who developed permanent settlements.

The Chumash people in present-day California

What was characteristic of groups in the Great Basin region?

They were often nomadic hunter-gatherers

Give an example of a people in the Great Basin region.

The Ute people

Name a major agricultural civilization in the Mississippi River Valley.

The Cahokia

What is an example of an agricultural community in the Northeast that lived communally in long houses?

The Iroquois

Name the country that was the first major power in the European age of exploration.

Portugal

What action did the Spanish take after finishing the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula?

Sponsored Christopher Columbus to sail west

What is the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases from the east to the west and west to the east

Name an animal that went from the Americas to Europe as part of the Columbian Exchange.

Turkeys

Name an animal that went from Europe to the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange.

Cattle, pigs, and horses

What effect did the introduction of the foods from the Americas have on European societies?

Expanding the diets of people which led to longer lifespans

Name a disease that devastated the indigenous populations of the Americas.

Smallpox and measles

What valuable minerals were transferred from the Americas to Europe?

Gold and silver

What was the encomienda system?

The Spanish used indigenous forced labor to work their plantations and mine precious metals

What was the casta system?

A hierarchical system based on race and ancestry imposed in the Americas by the Spanish

What was the main debate about the proper relationship of Europeans to Native Americans?

Whether Native Americans were truly human or less than human

Name one man who argued that Native Americans were less than human.

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda

Name one man who argued for the dignity of Native Americans as human beings.

Bartolomé de las Casas

What time period does Unit 2 cover?

1607-1754

What event does 1607 represent in Unit 2?

Founding of Jamestown

What event does 1754 represent in Unit 2?

The beginning of the French and Indian War

Gold, God, and _ summarize the goals of European powers.

glory

What were the main goals of the Spanish in colonizing the Americas?

The extraction of wealth and to spread Christianity

What was the main interest of the French and the Dutch in colonizing the Americas?

Establishing trade partnerships, especially in the fur trade

Name an important French settlement in North America.

Quebec

Name an important Dutch settlement in North America.

New Amsterdam

Name an English settlement in North America

Jamestown

What was the primary goal of Jamestown?

Extracting wealth

Who worked in the colony of Jamestown?

Indentured servents

What turned the Chesapeake region into a profitable venture?

Cultivating of tobacco and the sale of tobacco in European markets

New England colonies were settled in like 1620 by what religious group?

Puritan (separatists)

In what way did the governance of New England colonies differ from those in Europe?

New England colonies were largely self governing and unusually democratic for the time

What was the Mayflower compact and why was it significant?

Drafted before they disembarked and organized their government based on the model a self-governing congregational church

Name a document that exemplified the self-governing and democratic inclination fo the colonies.

The Mayflower Compact

What was the name of the representative assembly in Virginia?

The House of Burgesses

What is meant by the triangular trade?

A global trade network that led to phenomenal wealth (New England -West Africa - the Caribbean)

What drove the new economic system of the Atlantic Economy?

Mercantilism

What was a key result of the Metacom's War (King Phillip's War)?

Evidence that not all colonists and Native Americans were on friendly terms

What was the effect of the Pueblo revolt?

The Spanish accommodated certain aspects of American Indian culture instead of complete eradication

What is the term used to describe the idea that people were property and not human?

Chattel

Give an example of an overt attempt to uprise against slavery.

Stono rebellion

What were the big ideas associated with the Enlightenment?

Natural rights, the social contract

What was the First Great Awakening?

The first truly national movement among colonial Americans

Define what is meant by the American Colonies becoming more Anglicanized.

English like

Explain the practice of British impressment

Seizing colonial men against their will forcing them to serve in the Royal Navy

What time period do the notes provide for Unit 3?

1754 to 1800; 1754 being the French & Indian War and 1800 being the election of Thomas Jefferson.

What mutual conflict led to the French and Indian War?

Between the French and the British over the Ohio River Valley.

Who won the the war between the French and the British?

The British

The Louisiana Territory which belonged to the French is now transferred to who?

Spain

Besides land disputes, what was the other beef of the colonists?

Taxation as a result of the British financial debt from the war and the increased cost of running the colonies.

Define Salutary Neglect and its effect on colonial relations.

The British government the crown was way across the Atlantic Ocean and the coonies acted very independent of the British crown.

New taxes from the British included what 3 Acts?

Stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts, Quatering Act, and Stamp Act.

The colonist objected to taxes on what grounds?

Parliament is extracting taxes from us without our consent because colonial people have no representation in Parliament.

When the colonies responded to the Stamp Acts, what was this known as?

The Stamp Act Congress

The tension between the British and Colonist reaches a boiling point when?

At the Boston Massacre with British imperial officers firing into a crowd of colonist killing 11.

Colonist started thinking independence after this event?

The Boston Tea Party

With rising resistance to British rule, which enlightenment thinkers weighed in the most?

Thomas Payne with natural rights, social contract and separation of powers in government.

Thomas Payne combined what and became incredibly popular?

Combined biblical imagery with enlightenment thought laying the foundation for independence.

There were two groups of influence, those that wanted to stay with Britain and those that were ok with independence, what were these groups called?

The loyalist (opposed independence from Britain), and the patriots (favored independence).

Who was the general of the Continental Army?

George Washington

Why was the battle of Saratoga 1777 such a strategic battle?

Victory at Saratoga convinced France to ally with Americans against the British which provided an enormous amount of support.

What followed the Revolutionary War?

The Articles of Confederation as the first Constitution of the United States of America. They failed because the government was too weak.

What was Shays Rebellion, and what did show America?

A rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts that was crushed by the local militia showing there was no national army.

Because of Shays Rebellion and need for a rewrite what was called?

The Constitutional Convention, which quickly turned into drafting a new constitution.

Those that favored a stronger central government were called and those that wanted state power alone were called?

Federalist and Anti - Federalist

Federalist papers defended what in the consitution?

Defended, explained the nature of, and defended the consitution.

The Consitution created a new central government defined by?

Federalism (sharing of the power between the federal and state) and the 3 branches of government.

The 3 brances of Goverment are?

The legislative making brand, the executive enforcing branch, and the judicial interperting branch.

The idea of republican mother hood assigns women to what new role or perpose?

The best way that women could influence political realities even though they didn't have power to vote, or anything like that, was to raise virtuous sons.

French Revolution inspired by the colonies also lead to What revolt?

The Hattian Revolution, where the black enslave colony of Fance began overthrowing its leadership.

George Washington assembled troops to stop what rebellion?

The Whiskey rebellion when farmers attacket federal tax collectors.

The Louisiana Perchasae didn't say anything about what in the consitution?

Did not have any powers about land buying powers for a president.

In 1817 the Northwest Ordinance did what?

Provided for how territories could apply to the Union for statehood and also abolished slavery in Northwestern territories.

At the time the Senate required what between free and state sides?

Equal Numbers, Missouri applied to be a free state tipping the balance.

Under the missouri compromise of 1820 all states applying for union above this line were said to be free states?

The 3630 line

As the upstart nation of the Colonies flexed it's pecs, what doctrine started to appear?

The Monroe Doctrine, which United State sphere of influence.

When the colonies became the United States, the need for industry led to what revolution?

The market revolution, which was the liking of industry to farms across the country.

The second Great Awakening was about society how compared to the first?

It Emphasized the moral reformation of society where personal reform was the focus.

When white people in the south did not own slaves, they still supported what idea?

They still supported the institution of slavery.

When was the election of James K Pope?

1844

When did the end of reconstruction occur?

1877

What is Manifest Destiny?

Believed it was their God given right to possesss all of the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.

The need for farmland what motivated the war with Mexico?

The needed for land to continue farming as the South had always done with enslaved persons.

Mexico warned that the United States against what?

Annexing Texas!

Adding some fuel to the fire who added ban to bills?

The willmont Proviso

With the need for land and growth of the colonies what also grew?

Another a new wave of immigrants

What political group stated just around anti-immigrant fervor??

The no nothing party

In the south they did not rely on paid what?

Labor!

The expansion of slave labor was thought to under mine what?

Jobs, or the abillity for jobs for the working class.

Abolitionist led to a what to aid persons from the south?

The development of the Underground Railroad

The Kansas and Nebraska Act overturned what agreement?

The Missouri COmpromise which was almost like scriptual Law

Supreme Court desicion in Dread Scoot case made what legal?

Made slavery legal in any state in the Union.

For political reasons what made sectional divisiviness worse?

Due to political party view points and the role of goverment, and what was right and wrong for it.

Why did several states secede from the United States?

Lincoln was elected, for wanting to end slavery, they thought their way of like and livelyhood was in jeopardy.

The southern states seceding from the union were called?

The Confederate States of America