Chapter 20: The Progressives

While progressivism has many meanings, it tended in this period to be based on the central assumption that

American society was capable of improvement

At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists

believed in the transformational power of enlightened public opinion

The term "muckrakers" referred to

journalists

In 1904, Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study on

the Standard Oil trust

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was

an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform

At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement

directed their attention to improving urban living conditions

The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of

social work

Thorstein Veblen argued that

modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems

Regarding organizing the professions during the Progressive Era

by 1916, all states had established professional bar associations

Regarding women and the professions during the Progressive Era,

social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women

The most distinctive quality of women in professions during the progressive era was that

women were concentrated in the "helping" professions

During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of

All these answers are correct

Regarding divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916

more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce

During the progressive era, the women's club movement

had a national organization to coordinate club activities

During the progressive era, clubs for African American women

in some cases may have had an anti-lynching focus

During the progressive era, supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters

deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women

During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in

the Far West

In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

All these answers are correct

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by

the political parties

During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was

municipal governments

During the progressive era, opponents of political reform generally included many members of all of the following EXCEPT

the urban middle class

During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried to

hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers

The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken the power of

State legislatures

The recall and the direct primary were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken

political parties

As governor of Wisconsin, the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped win approval for

the direct primary, initiative, and referendum

During the progressive era, political "interest groups"

rose to replace the declining power centers of the parties

During the progressive era, important vehicles for social reform included

New York's Tammany Hall

In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City,

strict regulations were imposed on factory owners

All of the following were progressive reformers from western states EXCEPT

Alfred E. Smith

For western states, the most important target of reform energies was

the federal government, because it exerted great power in the western states

During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that

the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office

The temperance crusade

was supported by business employers

The Women's Christian Temperance Union

was, at one time, the largest women's organizations in American history

The temperance movement between 1914 and 1919

gained momentum as a result of world war 1

In the early twentieth century, eugenics

supported the restriction of immigration by nationality

During the progressive era, the Socialist Party of America

grew stronger

During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was

Eugene V. Debs

During the early twentieth century, the Industrial Workers of the World

advocated a single union for all workers

World War 1 hurt the socialist movement in the United States

because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country

The brilliant lawyer Louis D. Brandies, who later became a Supreme Court justice, argued that the federal government should work to break up the largest corporations because the "curse of bigness"

All these answers are correct

When he assumed the presidency in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt

was the youngest American ever to hold the office

During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president,

he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporate activities

In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt

ordered federal arbitration

All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT the

Interstate Commerce Act

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the

meatpacking industry

As an environmental conservationist, President Theodore Roosevelt

added extensive areas of land to the national forest system

The first director of the National Forest Service was

Gifford Pinchot

The Sierra Club was founded by

John Muir

Which statement regarding the controversy over Hetch Hetchy Valley is FALSE?

Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy

Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president in 1908 because

in 1904 he had promised not to run again

In the election of 1908, William Howard Taft

was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him

As president, William Howard Taft

None of these answers is correct

In 1909, a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw

President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination

In 1910, in Osawatomie, Kansas, Theodore Roosevelt announced a set of political principles that called for

greater activism by the federal government

In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt was reluctant to become a candidate for president because

Robert La Follete had been working to secure the nomination for himself

The 1912 Republican convention was an ideological contest between

the Old Guard and what was to become the "Bull Moose"

In the 1912 presidential election results,

Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote

In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts

should be destroyed

During President Woodrow Wilson's first term, Colonel Edward House

was one of Wilson's closet advisors

The 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff

was intended to weaken the power of business trusts

In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress

passed a graduated income tax

The Federal Reserve Act

created a new type of paper currency

The Federal Trade Commission Act

created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government

By the fall of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson

believed his reform program had largely been accomplished

After the elections of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson

began another round of progressive legislations

The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating

child labor

The Supreme Court, in two rulings related to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act,

struck down reform legislation