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FLOOD ROUTING
is a crucial technique in hydrology that involves determining the flood hydrograph at a specific section of a river by utilizing data from upstream flood flows
FLOOD ROUTING
This process is essential for effective flood forecasting, protection, reservoir design, and spillway design.
FLOOD ROUTING
To estimate the timing and magnitude of floods at various points along a river system, enabling timely warnings and preparedness measures
FLOOD ROUTING
To develop effective strategies for controlling floodwaters, including the design and operation of reservoirs, levees, and other infrastructure to mitigate flood risks.
FLOOD ROUTING
To assess potential impacts on critical infrastructure (such as roads, bridges, and buildings) during flood events, ensuring safety and minimizing damage
Reservoir Routing
Stream Flow Routing
Flood routing can be categorized into two main types:
RESERVOIR ROUTING
is the process of determining how a reservoir responds to incoming flood flows, specifically how these flows are transformed into outflows over time.
RESERVOIR ROUTING
This process is crucial for managing water levels in reservoirs during flood events and ensuring downstream safety.
RESERVOIR ROUTING
The flow through a reservoir is influenced by the inflow, storage, and outflow relationship, which depends on the geometry of the reservoir and the discharge characteristics.
STORAGE-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIP
Understanding how storage volume relates to outflow discharge is critical.
STORAGE-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIP
This relationship helps in predicting how much water can be released based on the current storage level.
RESERVOIR ROUTING
The foundation of _____ is the continuity equation, which states that the change in storage within a reservoir over time is equal to the difference between inflow and outflow.
Inflow-Storage-Discharge (ISD) Method
Modified Puls Method
RESERVOIR ROUTING METHODS:
Inflow-Storage-Discharge (ISD) Method
This method calculates outflows by considering average inflows over a time step and relating them to storage changes
Inflow-Storage-Discharge (ISD) Method
This method is particularly useful for understanding how changes in inflow affect storage levels and, consequently, the outflow.
Inflow (I)
The rate at which water enters the reservoir (from rainfall, upstream flows, or other sources).
Storage (S)
The volume of water currently stored in the reservoir at any given time
Discharge (Q)
The rate at which water is discharged from the reservoir, often controlled by spillways or outlet structures.
Modified Puls Method
This method utilizes finite difference equations to estimate outflows based on known inflows and storage levels
Modified Puls Method
a more refined approach to reservoir routing that incorporates both inflow and outflow while considering the storage dynamics within a reservoir.
Modified Puls Method
It is also known as storage routing or level-pool routing
Modified Puls Method
This method uses the conservation of mass principle, where the inflow, outflow, and change in storage are balanced.
Attenuation
Lag
RESERVOIR ROUTING RESULTS IN TWO SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS:
Attenuation
The reduction in peak flow due to the storage capacity of the reservoir.
Lag
The delay in the timing of peak outflow compared to peak inflow.
WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT
FLOOD CONTROL
SPILLWAY DESIGN
APPLICATIONS OF RESERVOIR ROUTING:
WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT
Reservoir routing aids in maintaining adequate water supply during dry periods by controlling releases based on predicted inflows.
FLOOD CONTROL
Reservoirs are designed to mitigate flooding by capturing excess runoff during storm events.
SPILLWAY DESIGN
Accurate routing analysis informs ____, ensuring that structures can handle maximum expected flows without failure.
STREAMFLOW ROUTING
involves the prediction of flow changes along a stream or river system, focusing on how water moves downstream
STREAMFLOW ROUTING
The routing is based on the principle of continuity (conservation of mass) and takes into account the storage, velocity, and time required for the water to travel through different reaches of a river or stream
STREAMFLOW ROUTING
The basic principle governing ______ is the conservation of mass,
Muskingum Method
Kinematic Wave Method
STREAMFLOW ROUTING METHODS
MUSKINGUM METHOD
It estimates the changes in flow and storage along a river reach based on the inflow and outflow hydrographs.
MUSKINGUM METHOD
This method is widely applied because it effectively models the attenuation and translation of flood waves as they propagate downstream
PRISM STORAGE
WEDGE STORAGE
MUSKINGUM METHOD types
PRISM STORAGE
refers to the volume of water that would be stored in a river reach if the flow were uniform throughout.
PRISM STORAGE
This storage is conceptualized as lying below a line that is parallel to the stream bed.
WEDGE STORAGE
the volume of water stored between the theoretical prism storage line (parallel to the stream bed) and the actual water surface profile.
WEDGE STORAGE
This volume arises due to differences between inflow and outflow into the reach.
KINEMATIC WAVE METHOD
This approach is based on the assumption that the flow is governed by gravity and momentum, with simple relationships between the slope of the river, velocity, and discharge.
KINEMATIC WAVE METHOD
It is especially useful for modeling flow in steep channels or rapidly changing flood events.
Attenuation
Dispersion
STREAMFLOW ROUTING RESULTS IN TWO SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS:
Attenuation
refers to the reduction in peak discharge as the flood wave moves downstream, caused by storage in the channel and floodplain.
Dispersion
refers to the spreading out of the flood wave due to the varying velocities in different parts of the flow.
FLOOD FORECASTING
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
APPLICATIONS OF STREAMFLOW ROUTING
FLOOD FORECASTING
Stream flow routing is vital for predicting flood events, enabling timely alerts for communities at risk. Accurate forecasts help authorities implement evacuation plans and manage resources effectively.
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
Knowledge of expected flow rates informs the design of bridges, levees, and other structures to withstand potential flooding scenarios.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Understanding stream dynamics aids in managing ecosystems affected by flooding and ensuring that aquatic habitats are preserved during flood even
