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Primary Bone Healing

Type of bone healing that occurs when there is direct contact between bone ends without a gap.

Woven Bone

An immature form of bone that is laid down during initial healing, but is remodeled into stronger lamellar bone in later stages.

Lamellar Bone

A mature, organized type of bone that is stronger than woven bone and is established during the remodeling phase.

Nonunion

A failure of a fractured bone to heal, which can occur due to mechanical instability, infection, or inadequate blood supply.

Oligotrophic Nonunion

A type of nonunion where there is a lack of cellular activity at the fracture site, often leading to instability.

Haversian Remodeling

The process that occurs in primary bone healing where bone is remodeled through the Haversian system, allowing for increased strength.

Strain Threshold

The percentage of strain that determines whether primary or secondary bone healing will occur; less than 2% strain favors primary healing.

Degenerative Arthritis

Joint degeneration resulting from incongruity of joint surfaces, often seen after trauma with misalignment.

Callus Formation

The process in which the body creates a soft callus and subsequently converts it into a hard callus during fracture healing.

Reparative Phase

The phase in bone healing, lasting from about 2 weeks to 4 months, during which soft callus is formed and gradually turns into hard callus.

Bone Biopsy

A diagnostic procedure that involves taking a sample of bone tissue for analysis, often used to diagnose infections or malignancies.

CT Scan

A type of imaging that provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body, useful for evaluating the extent of bone healing.

MRI

An imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to visualize soft tissue and is helpful in diagnosing infections but can be limited by metal implants.

Bone Scan

A nuclear imaging technique that reveals areas of increased metabolic activity in the bone, often used to identify infections or fractures.

Delayed Union

A fracture healing process that is slower than typical and can lead to complications such as nonunion.

Intramedullary Nail

A type of internal fixation device used to stabilize fractured bones, providing relative stability.

External Fixator

An external device used to stabilize bone fractures, allowing for bone healing with external support.

Screws and Plates

Devices used in orthopedic surgery for the fixation of fractured bones, providing mechanical stability and promoting healing.

Cytokines

Proteins that act as signaling molecules in the body, key players in inflammation and healing processes.

Fibroblasts

Cells that produce collagen and extracellular matrix, playing a crucial role in tissue healing and repair.

Antiobiotic Spacer

A device placed at a surgical site to deliver antibiotics directly to an area of infection.