Chapter 5: Integumentary system

These flashcards cover key concepts related to skin biology, structure, functions of skin layers, types of skin glands, burns and their classifications, and pigmentation disorders.

cutaneous membrane

The largest organ covering the outer surface of the body, consisting of the epidermis and dermis.

keratinocyte

A cell in the epidermis that produces keratin, a tough fibrous protein providing protection.

melanocyte

A cell in the epidermis that produces melanin, which protects against UV radiation.

stratum basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, where continuous cell division occurs.

stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead, flat keratinized cells.

hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

The layer beneath the dermis that attaches skin to underlying tissues and contains adipose and blood vessels.

eccrine sweat gland

Most numerous sweat glands that secrete a watery solution for thermoregulation.

apocrine sweat gland

Sweat glands located in the axilla and groin that produce viscous sweat, associated with emotional stress.

sebaceous gland

Glands that secrete sebum to prevent dehydration of hair and skin and inhibit bacteria growth.

malignant melanoma

A type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes.

vitiligo

A chronic disorder causing depigmentation patches in the skin due to genetic factors and immune dysfunction.

albinism

A recessively inherited condition characterized by a complete or partial absence of pigment.

fibrosis

The formation of excess fibrous connective tissue, commonly seen in scar formation.

keloid scar

A type of raised scar that extends beyond the original boundaries of the wound.

burn

A type of injury to the skin caused by heat, electricity, radiation, or corrosive chemicals.

first-degree burn

A burn that affects only the epidermis, causing mild pain and redness without blisters.

second-degree burn

A burn that affects both the epidermis and dermis, resulting in redness, blisters, and pain.

third-degree burn

A full-thickness burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis, resulting in numbness.