the american revolution

what is the difference between a revolution and a rebellion?

a rebellion is usually a poorly organised, unsuccessful act of resistance while a revolution is a well organised, successful act resulting in a major change.

history before the war (7)

13 American colonies VS Britain

1606 -> Virginia (1st colony) est.

1760 -> 13 colonies = home to 2.5 million people

Colonies = v wealthy -> cotton and tobacco

Slaves forced to work on plantations

King George III sent Governor to rule each colony

Each colony elected an assembly to advice Governor

causes (8)

The Navigation Acts:

The Seven Years War and British debt

The Stamp Act and the Sons of Liberty:

Taxation:

The Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party

what was the navigation act?

some American goods could only be sold through England. With England acting as a middle man, they made a lot of money. The colonists resorted to widespread smuggling which led to clashed with England.

what the the seven years war and british debt?

The Seven Years War and British debt: Britain and America joined forces to defeat the French who had colonies in Canada and America. The war was expensive and increased British debt. Britain insisted that Americans be taxed to pay for the cost of the war. Americans were also responsible for paying to keep British soldiers in America.

what was the stamp act? who were the sons of liberty?

he Stamp Act and the Sons of Liberty: the Stamp Act meant Americans had to pay a tax on all newspapers and legal documents. The Sons of Liberty protested this by burning stamps and attacking stamp officials.

what was taxation in the causes of the american revolution terms?

Taxation: Britain imposed a series of taxes such as the Sugar Act and Quartering Act. Many colonists beloves there should be 'No taxation without representation'.

what was the boston tea party? when did it happen?

he British government allowed the East India Company (English company) to sell tea directly to the Americas without tax. American tea importers had to pay tax. This led to further protests. ​

In December 1773, colonists dressed as Native Americans dumped 342 crates of tea from British ships into Boston Harbour. This was called the Boston Tea Party. ​

The British government imposed the Intolerable Acts on Boston as a result, e.g. Boston Port was closed until the East India Company had been repaid for the spilt tea.

what was the boston massacre? when did it happen?

1770: Boston Massacre = American protestors called Patriots were protesting against taxes on imported goods such as tea. ​

The protestors shouted at and threw stones and snowballs at English soldiers. ​

The soldiers opened fire and killed five people.

what happened in 1767?

1767: Townshend Acts -> taxes on tea, glass etc.

what happened in 1774?

a

First Continental Congress (meeting between reps from each colony)

Each colony to train a militia (part-time army)

what was the first battle of the war and when did it happen?

1775; Lexington and Concord -> British General Gage heard that the Americans were storing weapons and ammunition in Concord, near Boston.

800 British troops were sent to destroy the weapons.

A. British were attacked at Lexington but fought their way through to Concord.

B. British were defeated at Concord. Causes of the American War of Independence

C. British were forced back to Boston

what was the battle of bunker hill?

Americans lost but were inspired by how well they fought against the British redcoats.

who is tom paine and what book did he publish? when and what did this lead to?

Tom Paine published Common Sense in 1776. This encouraged the colonists to fight for independence

what happened at the second continental congress?

At the second Continental Congress (meeting of representatives from the 13 colonies) George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental (American) army.

Used guerrilla tactics (ambush tactics)

who signed the declaration of independence and when?

4th July 1776 -> Continental Congress met for 3rd time. Signed Declaration of Independence, thomas jefferson signed.

Declaration of Independence written by Jefferson -> 'all men are created equal', did not apply to slaves, Native Americans or women.

what else happened in 1776? (6)

1776 -> Washington forced the British out of Boston.

1776 -> Washington ordered an unsuccessful invasion of Canada.

1776 -> Washington was defeated in New York during the Battle of Long Island.

He retreated to Pennsylvania and his army got smaller as many soldiers deserted.

Washington then defeated the British in Trenton and Princeton.

Marquis de Lafayette, a French general, started fighting for America.

what happened in 1777? (5)

sept 1777 -> Brit captured Philadelphia

Oct 1777 -> Horatio Gates forced a large British army to surrender at the Battle of Saratoga = huge moral victory for the Americans.

France, Spain and Holland joined the war on the American side. They provided money, men and ships.

Jefferson convinced France to send 6,000 troops and French navy to help

Winter 1777-78, Valley Forge = turning point as German Frederick von Steuben transformed Continental Army into fighting force to match British army

what happened in 1781?

1778-81 -> the war continued with victories for both sides.

18 Oct 1781 -> General Cornwallis defeated at Yorktown. This effectively ended War of Independence.

what happened in 1783?

Treaty of Paris = Brit recognised independence of former colony

what was the first battle, the turning point and the last battle in the american revolution?

the first battle was lexington and concord, the turning point was winter at valley forge, and the final battle was the battle of yorktown.

the consequences of the american revolution?

America became a democratic country = run by the people.

The 13 original colonies expanded westwards which led to clashes with Native Americans.

France became bankrupt

Wolfe Tone was inspired to form United Irishmen

American constitution and Bill of Rights helped to spread democracy around the world

The 13 original colonies expanded westwards which led to clashes with Native Americans.

Washington became first president 1789 - 1797

what were the large towns?

Philadelphia ​

New York ​

Boston ​

Newport ​

Charleston

what happened between 1750 and 1770?

Between 1750 and 1770 the population grew rapidly. From 1,170,760 to 2,148,076. ​

This happened because of -> ​

-High birth rate ​

-Low death rate ​

-Immigration -> Ulster-Scots, Germans, English, African slaves​