ANFS251: Exam 4 Practice Questions

Dairy cattle are ___ ___

ruminant herbivores

___ involves a lowered rumen pH, below ___

acidosis, 5.5

Acidosis is caused by eating large amounts of very ___ ___ which change rumen ___

digestible carbohydrates, flora

Acidosis can lead to ___ and ___ due to acid absorption

shock, death

To avoid acidosis, feed dairy cows low ___ and high ___

concentrate, forage

List acidosis symptoms

reduced feed intake, poor body condition, weight loss, lethargy

Milk fever occurs in cows close to ___

calving

___ is also called milk fever and is due to low ___ levels in the blood

hypocalcemia, calcium

Milk fever can lower ___ ___ by ___ ___ in addition to causing death in 5% affected

productive lifespan, three years

List milk fever symptoms

agitation, muscle tremors, down cow with kinked neck, coma, death

Milk fever treatment includes supplementing ___ through ___ ___ or ___

calcium, oral bolus, injection

Displaced abomasum is caused by ___ in the organ resulting in a torsion

gas

Displaced abomasum typically occurs ___ ___ because of organ movement

after calving

List displaced abomasum symptoms

loss of appetite, drop in milk yield, reduced rumination, mild diarrhea

___ or ___ and ___ are treatment options for displaced abomasum

surgery, casting, rolling

DIsplaced abomasum can be prevented by appropriately feeding ___ ___ and ___ ___ cows

late dry, early lactating

Maintain dry matter intake and good quality forage to prevent ___ ___

displaced abomasum

___ is a metabolic disease due to a negative energy balance

ketosis

Ketosis is caused by excess ___ ___ and the production of excess ___

fat metabolism, ketones

___ usually occurs during early lactation due to a ___ energy balance

ketosis, negative

Quick acting ___ and long term follow up is necessary to treat ketosis

glucose

___ ___ can prevent ketosis in early lactation

supplementing energy

Dairy cows can produce ___ pounds of milk or ___ gallons annually

34000, 4200

Dairy cows are never in ___, they are always either ___ or ___

maintenance, gestating, lactating

List dairy cow production phases

peak production, maximum dry matter intake, body weight regain, dry period

Lactation peaks during ___ ___ in the first ___ to ___ weeks

peak production, 6, 9

Feed intake peaks during ___ ___ ___ ___ in the first ___ to ___ weeks

maximum dry matter intake, 12, 15

In early lactation, ___ lags behind ___, leading to ___ ___ loss

intake, production, body weight

Dairy cows experience a negative energy balance in the first ___ to ___ weeks of lactation as ___ increases

8, 10, appetite

Negative energy balance can be addressed by using ___ ___ of nutrients

body stores

A dairy cow is expected to lose ___ to ___ kilograms during early lactation as she produced ___ to ___ kilograms of milk

70, 135, 700, 900

Since ___ follows ___ but lags behind, there is a ___ energy balance once lactation starts to decline

appetite, production, positive

Dairy cow body weight lost during early lactation should be gained during ___ ___

late lactation

___ ___ is an injection that can increase lactation in dairy cows

bovine somatotropin

Bovine somatotropin can increase production by ___ percent but may cause a second ___ ___ ___

10, negative energy balance

Increased production by using ___ ___ requires an increase in ___

bovine somatotropin, nutrients

Phase one of dairy cow feeding is ___ ___ and involves increasing ___ and ___ while ___ ___ decreases

peak production, lactation, intake, body weight

Dairy cows are in phase one early lactation for ___ weeks

10

Dairy cows are in phase two, max dry matter intake, for weeks ___ to ___

10, 20

Phase two of dairy cow feeding is ___ ___ ___ and involves slowly decreasing ___ and ___

max dry matter, lactation, intake

Phase three of dairy cow feeding is ___ ___ ___ and involves continued decreasing ___ and ___ while ___ ___ is regained

body weight regain, lactation, intake, body weight

Dairy cows are in phase three until ___ stops at ___ days before ___

lactation, 60, parturition

Phase four of dairy cow feeding is during the ___ ___ where body weight can be ___ and ___ must happen

dry period, regained, involution

Phase five of dairy cow feeding is the last ___ to ___ weeks before ___

1, 3, parturition

A dairy cow dry period is the ___ to ___ weeks, or about ___ days, before calving

6, 8, 60

The dairy cow dry period must be at least ___ days

40

___ ___, ___, and ___ happen during the dairy cow dry period

active involution, lactogenesis, colostrogenesis

Active involution is the first ___ days of the dry period where ___ ___ tissue is ___

30, milk secreting, reabsorbed

Second stage involution, or ___ ___, can be ___ where the mammary gland exists in a collapsed state

steady state, indefinite

___ and ___ occur in the ___ to ___ days before parturition

lactogenesis, colostrogenesis, 15, 20

Dairy cows more effectively convert energy to tissue during ___ ___ as opposed to ___ ___

late lactation, dry period

Dairy cows gaining ___ during the dry period must also account for ___ ___

condition/weight, fetal growth

Dairy cow body condition is scored ___ to ___ with ___ at calving being ideal

1, 5, 3.5

Dry dairy cows should be fed high ___ at ___ percent of body weight and limited ___

forage, concentrate

___ ___ hay mix and ___ ___ with some supplemented vitamins will meet dry cow requirements

legume grass, corn silage

___ ___ ___ results from feeding excess energy through ___ or ___

fat cow syndrome, grain, silage

___ ___ ___ ___ is a common cause of fat cow syndrome

free choice corn silage

Corn silage should be limited to ___ to ___ kilograms per day for dry cows

9.5, 11

___ ___ have slightly greater requirements than ___ ___ due to continued growth

bred heifers, dry cows

Good quality forage should supply all nutrients needed for ___ ___ (dairy)

bred heifers

Phase five of dairy cow feeding is the ___ period where ___ ___ should be adjusted to a hotter diet

transition, rumen microbes

Increasing concentrates at the end of the dry period can prevent ___ ___ and ___

milk fever, ketosis

After calving, ___ ___ and ___ should be rapidly increased while still avoiding ___ ___

feed intake, energy, digestive upset

Early lactating cows can be fed ___ to ___ kilograms of concentrate per day

0.5, 0.7

Dairy cows should be fed a ___:___ or ___:___ ratio of forage to concentrate during peak lactation

50, 50, 55, 45

Dairy cows can utilize ___ from body fat but ___ should be supplemented

energy, protein

___ ___ ___ is well used in late lactation while ___ ___ should be used in early lactation

non protein nitrogen, bypass protein

___ or ___ protein is high quality and expensive because it is treated to avoid rumen microbe

escape, bypass

Low ___ diets can cause digestive issues during peak production

fiber

Nonstructural carbohydrates should only be ___ to ___ percent of an early lactating cow diet

30, 40

___ ___ is a good ingredient for energy in early lactation dairy cows

distiller’s grain

Supplementing ___ ___ can increase energy in peak lactation but it may negatively affect ___

dietary fat, microbes

___ kilograms of feed per day maintains normal digestive function in lactating dairy cows

2.25

Max dry matter intake is ___ to ___ percent of body weight, it is higher for higher producing

3.5, 4.5

In late lactation, feed costs can be minimized by increasing ___ or using ___ ___ ___

forage, non protein nitrogen

Energy for dairy cow diets can be increased by increasing ___, ___ ___, or ___

density, fermentable carbohydrate, intake

Forages and grains contain ___ to ___ percent fat but dairy cows can consume as much as ___ to ___ percent

2, 4, 5, 7

___ ___ negatively affect rumen fermentation so ___ such as ___ should be used

free oils, oilseeds, cottonseed

Keeping dairy cows in ___ ___ groups makes ___, ___ ___, and ___ easier

reproductive status, feeding, heat detection, movement

___ health depends on dry cow nutrition

calf

Proper ___ and ___ helps cows produce good colostrum

fed, vaccinated

Calves need ___ quarts of ___ within their first ___ hours

2, colostrum, 12

Calves are functionally ___ due to their undeveloped ___

monogastric, rumen

Rumens develop once ___ start producing VFAs, after ___ days old

microbes, 60

The ___ ___ in calves directs milk straight to the ___ and ___

esophageal groove, omasum, abomasum

A calf must lift their head to activate the ___ ___, this makes ___ feeding more effective than ___

esophageal groove, bottle, bucket

___ source protein is better than ___ or ___ source for calves

milk, plant, animal

Milk source proteins such as ___ ___, ___ ___ ___, and ___ are good for calve feeding

dried whey, dried skim milk, casein

Milk replacer for calves often contains ___ and ___ ___

antibiotics, vitamin E

Dairy calf starter diets are fed starting at ___ ___ and contain ___ ingredients but are not ___ ___

one week, standard, finely ground

___ ___ is crucial for dairy calf ___ development

starter feed, rumen

Weaning dairy calves can either be ___ ___ of milk replacer or ___ ___ with water

abrupt removal, gradual dilution

Dairy calves should be in ___ ___ prior to weaning

group pens

Dairy heifers should reach puberty at ___ months

15

Gestating cows until the ___ ___ should be fed rations for growth with no ___ ___

dry period, fat deposition

Beef cattle are ___ ___

ruminant herbivores

Beef production is dependent on ___ ___ for feed

grazed forages

Dominant range forage is high in ___ and may be deficient in ___ and ___ for beef cattle

fiber, protein, energy

Beef cattle are most often supplemented during ___ ___ or ___

late gestation, lactation

___ ___ ___ is the most important factor for beef cattle performance

dry matter intake