Hum Battle for the Continent Test

What was the seven years war over?

Land, power and wealth.

What was the war of Spanish Succession (1702-1713)?

A war between France and England. Ended with the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and resulted in the French surrendering ports in HBC territory, giving up Newfoundland and Acadia, and declaration of Iroquois as British subjects.

What was the war of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748)?

A war between France and England. Ended with the treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle in 1748, and resulted in Louisburg being returned to France,

How did the French Crown try to consolidate fur trading?

Signed the treaty of 100 associates.

Why did the English build forts within Hudson’s Bay?

To attempt to control the fur trade.

What was Rupert’s Land?

All rivers draining into Hudson’s Bay were declared Rupert’s Land by the british.

What was the difference in how the English and French collected furs?

English waited for furs to be brought to them by Indigenous, French sent out Company members with trappers to collect furs.

Why did the French travel further inland?

To find new fur territory.

What was the HBC?

The Hudson’s Bay Company, formed by British merchants who pooled their money.

Why did the government subsidize the fur trade?

Each side was scared giving up the fur trade would lead to the other gaining power, despite the fur trade losing value.

What was Louisburg?

A large French fortress in Nova Scotia that guarded the St. Lawrence.

Who was the conflict in North America between?

The French, English and the Indigenous nations.

Why did colonial powers want to control North America?

Land, wealth and power. More specifically, they wanted to extract fur, fish and timber.

How did the age of enlightenment affect North America?

People began to feel less French / British, more Canadian / American, and the idea of independence took hold.

What was the Citadel of Halifax?

A large British fortress in Halifax.

What was the British’s attack strategy?

3-pronged attack. Firstly through Louisberg into the St. Lawrence, then south into the Ohio valley and West down the St. Lawrence, and then into Quebec City.

Who was James Wolfe?

General of the English forces. He fell ill with TB toward the end of the war, which some believe lead to erratic decision making. Wolfe was racist, lucky, a war criminal, and had poor relations with his superiors. He was a career soldier.

Who was Marquis de Montcalm?

Leader of the French forces, from nobility. He disliked Canadian colony-born soldiers. He mostly took the post for the pension.

What was the demographics of the British force?

Made up of poor English farmers, Scottish, Irish, and English city-workers displaced by the ongoing industrial revolution.

What was the demographics of the French force?

Made up of Canadians defending their homes, the poor and jobless from France, displaced Acadians, and Indigenous allies.

What happened at the Plains of Abraham?

The French were defeated by the English force. The British got lucky finding a pass up into the Plains of Abraham. They then baited the French out of the fortress, and formed a mile-long front (although only 2 lines). The English won in large part because Bougainville was never told to bring French reinforcements from their positions on the coast of the St. Lawrence.

What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A document issued by the British crown . The document ‘froze’ the sale and trade of Indigenous owned land, except with the Crown, recognized Indigenous land claims, and aimed to assimilate French into Canada.

What was the Quebec Act of 1764?

A Act outlining the French’s right to follow French Catholicism, for French religious leaders to collect tithe, and to speak French. This created the distinction between Quebec and the rest of Canada that exists to this day. This also angered British colonists further south, which was one of the final straws of the American Revolution.