Exam 1 Equations

Zero Order: Differential Rate Law

Zero Order: concentration v. time plot

Zero Order: Integrated Rate Law

Zero Order: Half Life Equation

Zero Order: unit

M/s

Zero Order: plotting concentration v. time where K is the slope

First Order: Differential Rate Law

First Order: concentration v. time plot

First Order: integrated rate law

First Order: half life equation

First Order: unit

s^-1

First Order: plotting concentration v. time where K is the slope

Second Order: differential rate law

Second Order: concentration v. time plot

Second Order: integrated rate law

Second Order: half life equation

Second Order: unit

M^-1s^-1

Second Order: plotting concentration v. time where K is the slope

Arrhenius Equation

Phase & Temperature Change Equations

phase change: q = n∆H_vap

temperature change: q = ms∆t

Henry’s Law

c = kP

Vapor pressure lowering

∆P = P_solv - P_soln = X_solvP_solv

Raoult’s Law

P₁ = X₁ P⁰

boiling-point elevation

∆T_b = T_b - T_b⁰ = K_bm

(for electrolyte solutions) ∆T_b = iK_bm

freezing-point depression

∆T_f = T_f⁰ - T_f = K_fm

(for electrolyte solutions) ∆T_f = iK_fm

Endothermic Processes:

Vaporization, Melting, Sublimation

Exothermic Processes:

Condensation, Freezing, Deposition

Which two steps of the solution making process are endothermic?

separation of solvent molecules, separation of solute molecules

Phase Transition Relationship equation

∆H_sub = ∆H_fusion + ∆H_vaporization