Unit 1 Health And Social Care BTEC

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What does Bowlby’s theory of attachment state?

Children attach to one main caregiver, infants have the universal need to be close to the caregiver, if separated from the care giver the child will experience separation-anxiety, Attachments formed during infancy shape how the infant will form relationships later on.

What does Schaffer’s theory of attachment state?

Children form multiple attachments to members of their family, They’re likely to bond with responsive adults. Attachments formed will influence self esteem and self image.

Who wrote the Social Learning theory?

Bandura

What does the Social Learning theory state?

Children learn through observations, imitation and consequence. Depending on the outcome of what they imitate will determine if they’re likely to repeat the action again.

Who wrote the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

What does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale state?

The more major life events someone goes through during their lifetime the more stress they’ll accumulate and higher levels of stress lead to higher risks of getting illnesses.

What are the weaknessess of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

It doesn’t consider that different people will handle stressful events differently so it quantifies stress the same for everyone.

Who wrote the maturation theory?

GESELL

What does the Maturation Theory state?

All development is routed in genetics and how someone will grow is determined at birth, environment has little impact upon it, all children will follow the same sequence of development however the pace can vary.

Who wrote the activity theory?

Havighurst

What does the activity theory state?

Elderly people will adapt to their limitations and continue to have meaningful interactions with others. They may use their retirement as an opportunity to try new things and develop new skills.

What are the different forms of attachment?

Secure Attachment

Insecure/Avoidant Attachment

Insecure/Resistant Attachment

what is the caregiver like during secure attachment?

They’re responsive to their Childs needs and wants

What is the child like during secure attachment?

Child will seek out the caregiver for comfort when upset and will feel distressed in the event of their absence.

what is the caregiver like during insecure/avoidant attachment?

The caregiver is unavailable when the child needs them

what is the child like during insecure/avoidant attachment?

Child unbothered by the absence of their caregiver and will look to strangers for comfort instead

what is the caregiver like during insecure/resistant attachment?

The caregiver is inconsistent in how they meet the Childs needs, sometimes they’re more effective than others.

what is the child like during insecure/resistant attachment?

Distressed in absence of caregiver however is resistant to have contact from them upon their return. Will also display signs of anxiety and insecurity.

Who wrote the strange situation classification system?

Ainsworth

What does the strange situation classification system state?

It displayed the 3 different forms of attachment an infant may come under and that these attachment types come around due to the actions of the parent/caregiver or the baby’s temperament.

What does it mean to be egocentric?

To see things only from your own view point and being unable to take others into consideration.

Who wrote the social disengagement theory?

Cumming And Henry

What does the social disengagement theory state?

Disengaging in social activities and spaces is part of the aging process, people will naturally withdraw from them as they age.

Who wrote the Stress Diathesis Model?

Paul Meehl

What does the Stress Diathesis Model state?

Stress caused by life events can interact with and individuals nature to affect their mental wellbeing.

People are born with certain biological/genetic predispositions to mental illness.

Someone with a genetic predisposition may never develop a psychological disorder if they do not experience stress within their life.

What is a predisposition?

Being more susceptible to a specific disease or illness. Mostly caused through genetic factors however can be influenced through environment too.

What does LAD stand for?

Language Acquisition Device

What did Chomsky state about the Language Acquisition Device?

Humans are born with a structure which enables us to acquire language

The critical point for language growth is within the first few years of life

Everyone will follow the same pattern of language development

Humans have an innate understanding of language structure

What are the 4 stages of developing a Schema?

Assimilation

Equilibrium

Disequilibrium

Accommodation

What is a Schema?

It refers to the way in which a child organizes their knowledge

What does Assimilation mean? (in the context of Schemas)

The child constructs a schema or concept

What does Equilibrium mean? (in the context of Schemas)

The child’s experience fits in with their schema

What does Disequilibrium mean (in the context of Schemas)

The new experience doesn’t fit in with the child’s schema

What does accommodation mean? (in the context of Schemas)

The child’s schema changes to consider the new experience

What did Piaget's Model Of Intellectual Development state?

Everyone has the innate ability to learn but intelligence develops through experience of the world around them.

What are the 4 stages of intellectual development in order?

Sensorimotor: 0-2

Preoperational: 2-7

Concrete Operations: 7-11

Formal Operations: 11-18

What happens during the sensorimotor stage?

Infants learn about their environment and develop early schemas by using all their senses to physically explore the world.

What happens during the preoperational stage?

Children begin to control their environment by using symbolic behaviour

representational words, drawings and pretend play however can’t think logically yet

What happens during the concrete operations stage?

Children use practical resources to help them understand the world.

What happens during the formal operations stage?

Young people are fully capable of abstract thought, problem solving and rational thought

What did piaget state about intellectual development?

All children go through development stages where they discover things for themselves and during the process they develop their schemas.