Review of Medical Terminology, Laboratory tests, Vital Signs, & Prefixes/Suffixes

UNDERSTANDING

people-oriented, hands on, requires effective communication, skills often determine patients overall opinion of medical facility/department

Technologist Attributes

helping others, working with people, making a difference, thinking critically, demonstrating creativity, achieving results

Patient Dignity

sickness and equipment will change a persons personality traits, never take the patients situation light heartedly, dont refer to them as their exam

What is Communication

Exchanging information by sending and receiving messages.

Technologists must have the ability to

listen, convey interest, compassion, knowledge, information

What is verbal communication

spoken words, written words, voice intonation, slang and jargon, organization of sentences, humor

what is nonverbal communication

eye contact, facial expressions, body movement and posture, physical appearance, tone of voice, touch

What are some examples of touch

for emotional support, for emphasis, for palpation

What are the different age groups

infant (birth to 1 year), toddlers (1-3 years old), preschoolers (3-5 years old), school aged children (5-10 years old), adolescents (10-25 years old) young adults (25-45 years old), middle aged adult (45-65 years old), mature adults (65 years old and older)

What are some things to avoid

stereotypes, judgement

What is the most valuable opportunity to acquire clinical information that can contribute to the diagnostic process

history taking

What is objective data

perceptible to the care giver (fever, rash, red skin, lab values)

what is subjective data

perceived by the affected individual only (involves the patients emotions and expeirences, such as pain and its severity.)

What are open ended questions

nondirected and nonleading. letting the patient tell the story

What is facilitation

nod or say yes, encourages elaboration

What is silence

give the patient time to remember, facilitates accuracy and elaboration

What are probing questions

to focus the interview and provide more detail

what is repetition

clarifies information

what is summarization

verifies accuracy

Why do you repeat information obtained as part of the history

to verify that the rad tech has perceived the information correctly and to ensure that the patient has not changed his or her mind

What is chief complaint

primary medical problem as defined by the patient

why is the chief complaint important

it focuses the clinical history toward the single most important issue

what is the sacred seven

localization, chronology, quality, severity, onset, aggravating or alleviating factors, associated manifestations

what is localization

defining the exact area for the patients complaint

what is chronology

avoid giving dates or days, duration, onset, frequency

What is quality

character of symptoms. (color, consistency, size, sounds, type of cough, descriptions of pain)

what is severity

intensity (how bad) quantity (how many times)

what is onset

how did it all begin? what were you doing?

what is aggravating or alleviating factors

circumstances that produce the problem, intensify. the problem, or relieves the problem

What are associated manifestations

determining whether other symptoms accompany the chief complaint

What are patient history considerations

verify symptoms with exam request

What are the mechanisms for homeostasis

heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, electrolyte balance

What are Vital signs

body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, mental state/alertness

What is the normal body temperature

97.6-99.5

normal respiration rate for an adult

12-20 breaths per minute

normal respiration rate for a child

20-30 breaths per minute

What is the normal pulse rate for an adult

60-100 BPM

What is the normal pulse rate for a child

70-120BPM

What is normal systolic blood pressure

<120 mm Hg

What is normal diastolic blood pressure

<80 mm Hg

What plays a role in preservation of heat (shivering) and regulation of heat loss (disphoresis)

the hypothalamus

What are the routes of measurement

oral, axillary, tympanic, and temporal

What do they do for a temporal measurement

sweep across the forehead, measurement closely matches rectal measurement and core body temperature, nearly instant readout, 1 degree higher than oral temp

What is the preferred route for temperature measurement

temporal

What is the oral temperature

under tongue, 20sec-3 min, 97.7-99.5

What is axillary measurement

upper arm and torso, not very accurate and unpopular, 5-10 min

What is tympanic measurement

electronic thermometer in ear, 3 sec, 95.9-99.5

What is rectal measurement

rectal thermometer in rectum, 2.5-5 min, 1 degree higher than oral temp

What is hypothermia

temperature below normal 97.7

What is hyperthermia

oral temperature higher than 99.5

What is pulse

regular expansion of an artery caused by the ejection of blood into the arterial system by the contractions of the heart.

What is a closed loop system of vessels

cardiovascular system

left ventricle of the heart contracts supplying ____ to the body

oxygenated

what are the common sites of pulse measurement

radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery, femoral artery, dorsalis pedis artery

How is ventricular contraction transferred

to arterial walls and permits pulse measurement

Where is pulse measured during CPR

carotid artery

What is pulse measured with in critical settings

pulse ox

Listening to hear via stethoscope over the __ of chest

left

Where can the pulse ox be placed

big toe, earlobe, temple, nose, or foot.

Oxygen converts ___ intensity into ____ ____ and pulse rate values

light; oxygen saturation

How many breaths for respiratory assessment for newborns

30-60 BPM

What are the depths of respiration

shallow, normal, deep

What are the patterns of respiration

regular or irregular

What are the efforts of respiration

labored or normal

What are the two pieces of equipment for blood pressure measurement

stethoscope, sphygmomanometer

What is blood pressure measurement

measurement of the force exerted on the walls of arteries during cardiac contraction and relaxation

Where is blood pressure measured

brachial artery

What are. the knocking sounds for blood pressure

korotkoff

What is the first knocking sound

systolic

What is it called when the knocking sound disappears

diastolic

what is hypotension measurement

95/60 mm Hg

What is the measurement for hypertension

140/90 mm Hg

What is determined the silent killer

hypertension