ap hug midterm

built landscape

any human development of the existing land , including adding livestock.

hierarchical diffusion

diffusion of power,products, information, from the top rank to the bottom ex: from pope to arch bishop to bishop to priest.

Athiest

The belief that there is no god.

Ebonics

Dialects spoken by some African-Americans

Multilingual Country

A country that speaks more than one language.

Denglish

A combination of German and English.

Official Language

The language adopted by the gov for the conduct of business and publication of documents.

Agnosticism

Belief that nothing can be known about whether god exists

Logogram

a symbol that represents a word rather than a sound.

British Received Pronunciation

The instantly recognizable accent often described as British.

Assimilation

The process of absorbing new ideas into an existing cognitive structure.

Dialect

form of language particular to a region or group.

Language Branch

A collection of languages derived from a language family, related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago.

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.

Monolingual country

using or knowing only one language.

Language Family

A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language from before recorded history.

Spanglish

A combination of Spanish and English spoken by Hispanic Americans.

Extinct Language

A language that was once used by people, but no longer exists.

Acculturation

The process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group

Syncrentric

A religion that combines several traditions

Creolized language

A language that results from the mixing of a colonist's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

Lingua Franca

A language understood and commonly used in trade by people who have a different native language.

Literary tradition

A language that is written as well as spoken.

Absolute Direction

exact location, not accurate for social culture, political or economic connectivity

Sequence occupance

several societies leave their cultural imprints on a place over time or occupy a place before ,during and after a major event.

Distortion

the alteration of the original shape of a 3D object after being transferred into a 2D format

Map

two dimensional or flat scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it

Contagious diffusion

an idea or disease spreading from one culture to another and throughout the world

Physiological density

population density measured as number of people per unit of arable land

Cultural attributes

the aspects of daily life that a group of people leave on a landscape, characteristics that define a culture

GPS

a navigation system that allows people to find their exact location and how to get to different locations from said location

hearth

an idea or innovation that spreads outwards from the point of origin

arithmetic density

the total number of people divided by the area of land( measured in square miles or km)

Grid

a pattern over a map that helps pinpoint the location with vertical and horizontal lines.

relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

G.I.S

Computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Expansion diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.

Environmental Determinism

belief that a physical environment affects social and cultural devolpment

Relative Location

based on locations/landmarks known or easily understood.

Distribution

arrangement of features in space; three main properties: density, concentration, and pattern.

Epidemiological Transition

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Doubling Time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Dependency Ratio

the number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

toponym

place name by which a geographic location is known by locals.

total fertility rate (TFR)

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Equator

An imaginary line around the Earth equally distant from both poles.

International Dateline

An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas; when you cross it, you either go forward a day or back a day.

Demography

study of population characteristics

Projection

The system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of deaths under one year of age for every 1000 live births.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual is expected to live.

Industrial Revolution

the process of change from an agrarian, handcraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture during 18th and 19th century

Population Pyramid

a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex

Demographic Transition

the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase

Medical Revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa

Mental Map

A representation of a portion of Earths surface based on what an individual knows about a place

Natural increase rate

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Sex Ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Map Scale

Refers to the relationship between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.

Scale

The relationship between the size of an object on the map and the size of the actual feature on the Earth's surface.

Spatial

Of or relating to space, and the relationship of objects within it.

Ecumene

Permanently inhabited portion of the Earth, distinguished from uninhabited or temporarily uninhabited area.

Site

The actual location of a settlement on the Earth and is composed of the physical characteristics of the landscape specific to the area.

Prime Meridian

The earth's zero of longitude, which by convention passes through Greenwich, England.

Situation Location

the location of a place based upon its relation to other places (next to, beside,behind etc)

census

a complete count of a population

latitude

lines that go east to west (horizontal) on an earth's map to help form the grid: holds the prime meridian

longitude

lines that go north and south (vertical) on an earth's map to help form the grid: holds the equator

region

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.

epidemiology

the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.

zero population growth

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

doubling time

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Crude birth rate (CBR)

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

Crude death rate (CDR)

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people

cultural attribute

characteristics that define a specific culture

dependency ratio

the number of people under age 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the people active in the labor force.

Asylum seeker

refugee seeking shelter and protection in one state from another state

net migration

the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

folk lore

unwritten lore (stories, proverbs, riddles, songs) of a culture

emigration

migration out of a location

international migration

a permanent move from one country to another

brain drain

large scale emigration of talented people

unauthorized immigrants

people who enter a country without proper documents.

pull factor

induces people to move into a new location

folk songs

a song that originates in traditional pop culture or that is written in such a style

migration

a form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new locatiuon

interregional

a permanent move from one region of a country to another

habit

repetitive act that an individual performs

built environment

construction built by people on natural areas (making specific things to benefit humans)

circulation

short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on regular bases

undocumented immigration

a foreign-based person with no right to be in their current country. Either entered without proper documentation, or stayed beyond the expiration date of their documentation

chain migration

migration of people to a specific place because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

folk housing

the homes people use in order to suit their needs, using materials from the environment

counter urbanization

net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries

mobility

all types of movements from one place to another

indigenous architecture

architecture that is native to a certain place, region, or area

intervening obstacle

an environmental or cultural feature of a landscape that hinders migration

pop culture

Culture found in a large heterogenous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

immigration

migration to a new location

amnesty

forgiveness for breaking the law