AP HUGE 3.2

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Relocation Diffusion

Spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

Expansion Diffusion

Spread of the feature from one place to another in an additive process.

Stimulus Diffusion

Spread of underlying principle even though its original purpose fails to diffuse. (ex. China)

Hierarchical Diffusion

Spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.

Contagious Diffusion

Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic.

Universalizing religion

Religions that appeal to everyone around the world and the message is diffused widely.

Ethnic religion

Appeals to mainly one group of people living in one place- its followers are highly clustered.

Branch

A large, fundamental division within a religion.

Sect

A small group that has broken away from the established denomination (may be seen as radical).

Denomination

A division within a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single administrative body.

Monotheism

Believing and worshiping one single God.

Polytheism

Believing and worshiping numerous gods.

Ethnicity

Group of people who share a common distinctive culture (mostly geographic homeland).

Race

Social construct that categorizes people based on skin color.

Centripetal Forces

They unify people within a state. Ex: Religions, holidays, language.

Centrifugal Forces

Cause division within a state. Ex: Government instability, religious conflict.

Acculturation

Dominant culture is often adapted to include sub-elemental customs while still maintaining original culture.

Assimilation

Occurs over several generations- smaller folk cultures are absorbed into a more dominant culture.

Syncretism

The blending of different beliefs, practices and other cultural elements to create a new, unique system.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others, leading to people judging it based on their own.

Cultural relativism

The principle of viewing and understanding a culture based on its OWN standards, rather than judging it by their own culture.