1st qtr 8th grade sci study guide
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49 Terms
scientific methods
a series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data formulating a hypothesis and stating conclusions
observation
process of obtaining information using the senses
technology
the application of science for practical purposes, use of tools machines materials and processes to meet human needs
hypothesis
an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations an that can be tested
data
any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation
meter
the basic unit of length in the SI
area
measure of the size of a surface or a region
mass
a measure of the amount of matter in an object
volume
a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space
density
ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance
temperature
a measure of how hot or cold something is
what measures volume(6 measurement tools)
graduated cylinder
6 measurement tools:
what measures time
stop watch
what measures temperature
thermometer
what measures length
meterstick
what measures mass
a balance
what measures force
spring scale
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
weight
a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
difference between mass and weight
weight can be changed but mass can’t
what is the weight of something when gravity doesn’t hold it down
it is weightless
example of a physical model
the model of a heart/ear
limitation of a physical model
doesn’t age or function
notes on physical models
must increase or decrease to scale
example of a mathematical model
typhoon tracker
limitation of mathematical model
not always accurate
notes on mathematical model
can be proven wrong
atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
element
a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
proton
a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
nucleus
in physical science an atoms central region which is made up of protons and neutrons
ion
a charged particle that forms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses electrons
what makes up matter
atoms
what are atoms made of
protons neutron electrons
how are particles in a solid
packed close together
can a solid move
no it has a low vibration
how is the volume of a solid
solids always have a defined volume
how are particles in a liquid
particles are close together but can’t move
how is the volume of a liquid
constant volume
can a solid move
no because it has low vibration
can a gas move
yes because high vibration
how are particles in a gas
spread out
how is the volume of a gas
undefined
liquid→gas
evaporation
gas→liquid
condensation
solid→liquid
melting
liquid→solid
freezing
solid→liquid
melting