Gas exchange & respiration

gas exhange

exchange of oxygen from the air and carbon dioxide from the blood via the alveoli in the lungs

what is ventilation

the exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that O2 can be exchanged for CO2 in the alveoli (process of breathing)

why does gas exchange happen

• to remove CO2 which increases acidity of blood

• to supply 0xygen for respiration

why does gas exchange surface need to be moist

gases need to be dissolved in an aqueous solution before diffusion or exchanging

wy does gas exchange surface need large SA

more area for exchange o2 and co2 - more efficient - increases rate of exchange

how does gas exchange work?

through the process of diffusion as a result of high concentration gradient of oxygen in the air and carbon dioxide in the body

bronchi function

transporting air branching into smaller airways, regulating airflow

bronchioles function

air distribution, regulating airflow, connecting to alveoli

balanced equation for aerobic respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

anaerobic respiration equation

glucose → lactic acid + ATP

anaerobic respiration occurs when

the blood cannot reach the muscles fast enough to supply them with the required oxygen

alveoli function

gas exchange

trachea function

air passage, moistening and warming air, structural support

how does the body get rid of lactic acid

gets oxidised in liver into pyruvate and then glucose

why does exercise increase heart & breathing rate

because your muscles need more energy which means they require more oxygen and nutrients

negatives of anaerobic respiration

oxygen debt

lactic acid build up

low energy yield

what is fermentation

when micro organisms respire anaerobically naturally - yeast example

how is oxygen debt repaid

increase of breathing rate & depth which increases the amount of oxygen in the blood used for aerobic respiration

what is energy from respiration used for

muscle contraction, growth, active transport, maintain body temp, protein synthesis, mitosis

diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation

inhalation- contract

exhalation- relax

external & internal intercostal muscles during inhalation and exhalation

inhalation:

internal- relax

external- contract

exhalation:

internal- contract

external-relax

ribcage during inhalation and exhalation

inhalation- move up and out

exhalation- move down and in

volume and pressure of thorax during inhalation and exhalation

inhalation:

volume- increases

pressure-decreases

exhalation:

volume-decreases

pressure-increases