Seed plants

gymnosperms

plants with “naked seeds”

Angiosperm

plants with flowers and fruits

dormancy

a survival strategy where metabolic activity is reduced in response to unfavorable environmental conditions

pollen

in seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall

seeds

an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective seed coat

integument

a tough outer protective layer in a plant

seed coat

protects and provides food for embryo

ovule

a structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte

Cones

reproductive structure of gymnosperms (contains gametophytes)

conifers (Coniferophyta)

most familiar gymnosperm phylum (pines, spruces, firs, cedars)

cycads (Cycadophyta)

slow-growing gymnosperms of tropical and subtropical regions

ginkgophytes (Ginkgophyta)

only one living species remains

dioecious

having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals in plants

monocots

have only one cotyledon

dicots (eudicots)

have two cotyledons

cotyledon

a seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo

wood

material that forms the main substance of the trunk of a tree of shrub

secondary growth

growth that results from cell division in the lateral meristems that causes the stems and roots to thicken

Flower

structure in angiosperm plants designed for sexual reproduction

Pollinator

an animal or other agent that coveys pollen to a flower to facilitate fertilization

Sepal

green leaves that enclose flower before it opens

Petal

specialized, brightly colored leaves designed to attract pollinators

Stamen

male reproductive structure in flower

Filament

stalk of stamen

Anter

where pollen grains that contain male gametophytes are produced

Carpel

female reproductive structure in flower

Stigma

sticky protuberance on carpel that receives pollen

Style

the stalk of the carpel

Ovary

portion of carpel where ovule develops

Fruit

mature ovary designed to protect and disperse seeds