Animal Breeding Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for review.

What does the breeding objective in animal selection encompass?

A collection of desired genetic improvements for each trait, including the genetic and economic values of desired traits.

What does the SPI index assess?

Reproductive ability of sows and boars, relating to the number of live-born piglets per litter and the litter weight at 21 days.

What does the classical selection index relate to?

Traits in the criteria and breeding objective.

How reliable is genetic evaluation based on phenotype for an animal trait?

It allows for a relative ranking of animals.

What data columns are needed in a pedigree data file for animal management?

Animal ID, date of birth, sire ID, dam ID, paternal grandsire ID, paternal granddam ID, maternal grandsire ID, and maternal granddam ID.

What affects when collecting phenotypic data for a trait?

It is always influenced by errors in the measurement process.

What is the accuracy of animal evaluation when using information from siblings?

Accuracy increases with more siblings.

Which statement about indicator traits is NOT correct?

Evaluation for indicator traits does not depend on the correlation coefficient.

What is the TPI index used for?

Ranking selection for dairy cattle.

What traits are typically targeted in pig breeding for boars used to produce market hogs?

Age at market weight, loin eye area, backfat thickness.

What groups of traits are important in dairy cattle evaluation?

Reproduction (age at first calving, services per conception, calving interval, twinning), yield (milk production per cycle), and quality (protein, milk fat, somatic cell count).

How to assess the true genetic potential of an animal?

It is estimated through EBV (Estimated Breeding Value).

What are the benefits of selecting animals based on a multiple-trait selection index?

It maximizes the monetary value of the animal and potential genetic gains.

What is the genetic improvement rate in different layers of a breeding pyramid?

The average genetic value in lower layers is less than in the upper layers.

What is a target trait?

It is different from the selection criterion.

What should be known when building a selection index using BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction)?

Fixed effects need to be known in advance.

What does the adjustment of data for a trait do?

It decreases VE, increases h2, and increases R. It is expressed as the deviation from the average of the study population.

What is the standardized selection differential?

Selection intensity (i).

What is ssGBLUP (single step genomic best linear unbiased predictor)?

An algorithm that estimates GEBV of an animal and increases accuracy in BLUP evaluation.

What is the predicted selection response for an individual?

Selection response does not exist for an individual, only for a generation

What is Directional Selection (DS)?

Selecting male cattle to produce female breeding cattle, typically from males in the nucleus herd.

Which statement about the reasons for differences in male and female selection is incorrect?

Female animals have stricter selection conditions than males

What is assortative mating?

It is significant in breeding farms.

What happens during random mating?

Selected animals are randomly mated.

What is complementary mating?

It reduces genetic variance in the population.

What is level of use one breeding animal in mating?

It should be balanced in long-term use.

What does a two-breed hybrid receive?

Direct heterosis, maternal heterosis, and paternal heterosis.

What factors affect annual genetic progress?

Genetic parameters, selection intensity, and generation interval.

What does the structure of a breeding program involve?

Genetic improvement and the method of disseminating genetic progress.

What is genetic lag?

The difference in average genetic value achieved between two successive layers within the breeding pyramid.

What is genetic diversity come from?

Mutation, migration, etc

When it comes to differences regarding realized selection response what is wrong?

Large generation interval.

What is the order of the steps in creating a breeding plan?

Determine direction of production -> Determine breeding objective -> collect information -> build selection criteria -> Select and mate -> Genetic Distribution -> Evaluate

What is a good breeding program?

Achieves desired genetic advancement while maintaining genetic diversity.

When measuring backfat thickness in aim of improving carcass quality, when it usually measured?

Measured when weighing the animal.

What is the structure of shape in pig breeding tasks?

Can include GGP, GP, and PS layers.

What is the structure of shape in cattle breeding tasks?

Usually is closed pyramid shape

What is the equation for calculating the performance of animals in a cross breed?

EP= 300 + 4.75 - 1,5 + 11,25 + 10

From a herd of 1000 boars what is the average weight of the herd?

282kg

From a herd of 1000 boars what estimate the number of boars above 314kg

3.8%-4%

From those boars what is the value of breeding the best?

6.58kg

In a heard of 10,000 females, what is the populations average milk volume

8.000kg

From the same population what percentage of cows will have milk above 8,500kg?

21-21.5%

What does a 50kg EPD mean if the herd 1 year average is 500kg?

Averages all of offspring will weigh 550kg

How does data adjustment affect models?

Increasing the accuracy of select model

In a hen population how do you calculate selection response?

+2.1 Trứng/năm

In a hen population how do you estimate total egg volume?

312.9 Trứng/năm

In a cow population can the breeding response be calculated? If so how?

567.9 kg/thế hệ

When referring to breeding aim what is the wrong statement?

Breeding aim depends solely on the characters of the trait and not genetic factors.

Due to low genetic factors are we able to perform trait selection in animal breeding?

Differences in traits show mostly due to exterior factors

What information is needed in animal breeding records?

Information on pedigree as well as physical traits

Referencing the Duroc model what can be inferred about the model?

Offspring of Du4 are higher than Du1 by 0.02

Please refer the model to rank the Duroc for D (LY):

Du4 - Du3 - Du2 - Du1

In a hen population how do we calculate the percentage of total egg production??

0.34%-0.36%

Breeding Aim also includes:

Collection of trait improvement

What is needed to properly estimate the select response regarding exterior traits??

All answers are correct

When breeding several traits in the model what is calculated?

Select Index

The genetic information in the model that is used:

Is used with a select group of traits with limitations regarding breeding

For meet cattle in the chart:

Offspring from Bull B are larger than Bull B by 1.7 lbs

When building animal traits into models using EBV what is important?

Both factors are important