Substance Use and Addictive Disorders

Flashcards about Substance Use and Addictive Disorders

behavioral

In __ dependence, the concentration is on substance-seeking activities and related proof of pathologic use patterns.

Physical

__ dependence indicates to the physical (physiologic) results of multiple episodes of substance use.

Psychological

__ dependence, also mentioned as habituation, is distinct by a continuous or intermittent craving for the substance to avoid a dysphoric state.

addict

The word __ has obtained a pejorative connotation that ignores the concept of substance abuse as a medical disorder.

Substance Use Disorder, Substance Intoxication, Substance Withdrawal

There are three major diagnostic categories in the DSM-5: (1) __; (2) __; (3) __.

Substance use disorder

__ is the diagnostic term for the prolonged use and abuse of a substance.

Substance intoxication

__ is the diagnosis used to describe a syndrome characterized by specific signs and symptoms resulting from recent ingestion or exposure to the substance.

Substance withdrawal

__ is the diagnosis used to describe a substance-specific syndrome that results from the abrupt cessation of heavy and prolonged use of a substance.

Comorbidity

__ is the occurrence of two or more psychiatric disorders in a single patient at the same time.

Brief

__ interventions do not change the environment, alter drug-induced brain changes, or provide new skills. A change in the patient’s motivation (cognitive change) probably has the best impact on the drug-using behavior.

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Experts propose five stages in this gradual process of addictive behaviors: __, __, __, __, and __.

interacting, influence

The model of substance use disorders is the result of a process in which multiple factors drug-using behavior and the loss of judgment for decisions about using a given drug.

restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

Researchers have used __ in the study of substance use disorders, and preliminary results show associations with genes that affect dopamine production.

opioid, catecholamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

The primary neurotransmitters possibly involved in developing substance use disorders are the __, __, and __ systems.

consequences

Drug use, whether occasional or compulsive, can be viewed as behavior maintained by its __. Drugs can reinforce antecedent behaviors by terminating some noxious or aversive state such as pain, anxiety, or depression.

alexithymia

Some addicts have great difficulty recognizing their inner emotional states, a condition called __.

major depressive disorder

Heavy intake of alcohol over several days results in many of the symptoms observed in __ but the intense sadness markedly improves within several days to 1 month of abstinence.

alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder

The essential feature of __ is a disturbance in short-term memory caused by prolonged heavy use of alcohol.

Wernicke

__ encephalopathy is an acute neurologic disorder characterized by ataxia (affecting the gait primarily), vestibular dysfunction, confusion, and a variety of ocular motility abnormalities.

Korsakoff syndrome

__ is the chronic amnestic syndrome that can follow Wernicke encephalopathy.

Blackouts

__ are similar to episodes of transient global amnesia in that they are discrete episodes of anterograde amnesia that occur in association with alcohol intoxication.

auditory hallucinations

The most common __ are voices, but they are often unstructured and characteristically maligning, reproachful, or threatening.

legal definition of intoxication in most states in the United States

In __ is the alcohol concentration required of 80- or 100- mg ethanol per deciliter of blood (mg/dL).

pregnant or are breast-feeding

Women who are __ should not drink alcohol. Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs when mothers who drink alcohol expose fetuses to alcohol in utero and it inhibits intrauterine growth and postnatal development.

alcoholic persons

Between 10 and 40 % of __ enter some formal treatment program.

intervention, detoxification, and rehabilitation

Three general steps are involved in treating the alcoholic person: __, __, and __.

antidepressant or anxiety

Following detoxification, there is little reason to prescribe __ medications if the patient does not have an independent psychiatric disorder.

Alcoholics Anonymous

Members of __ have help available 24 hours a day, associate with a sober peer group, learn that it is possible to participate in social functions without drinking, and are given a model of recovery by observing the accomplishments of sober members of the group.

Substance use

__ is a major precipitating factor for suicide, where persons who abuse substances are about 20 times more likely to die by suicide than the general population.

Cannabis

__ is the most widely used illegal drug in the world and a movement to legalize cannabis at the state level, with some states allowing the use of cannabis for medical purposes only and others for recreational use.

cannabis use disorder.

People who use cannabis daily for weeks to months are most likely to develop a __

cannabis-induced anxiety disorder

During acute intoxication from cannabis, __ is common during for many persons and induces short-lived anxiety states provoked by paranoid thoughts, correlated with the dose taken.

amotivational syndrome

A controversial cannabis-related syndrome is __, where an unwillingness to persist in a task characterizes the syndrome, associated with long-term heavy use, and become apathetic/anergic.

withdrawal

It is shown that cessation of cannabis use in daily users results in __ symptoms within 1 to 2 weeks of cessation, incl. restlessness, irritability, tremors, craving, headache, stomach pain, sweating, change in appetite/weight, disturbed dreaming, depressed mood, etc.

heroin

The illicit opioid drug most frequently associated with abuse and dependence is __. There is a growing public health concern about prescription opioids, which are widely available and have significant abuse liability.

euphoric high

People are subjectively addicted to opioids because of the __ that users experience, especially those who take the substances intravenously.

Morphine and heroin withdrawal syndrome

__ begins 6 to 8 hours after the last dose and includes severe muscle cramps, bone aches, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, gooseflesh, fever, pupillary dilation, hypertension, tachycardia, restlessness, and irritability

Methadone

__is the current gold standard in the treatment of opioid use disorder with physiologic dependence which is used for detoxification and as a maintenance agent.

Buprenorphine

_ is an opioid agonist used for treating opioid withdrawal and Physicians can dispense it on an outpatient basis if they receive instruction in its use. Available in many formulations and as a combination therapy.

Naltrexone

__ has a duration of action of 72 hours, after which its benefits can be achieved a strategy to prevent recurrent physiologic dependence and it may displace the agonist from the receptor and prevent the agonist from binding to the receptor and exerting any effect..

HIV and Hepatitis

Addicts are frequently polydrug, and so require integrated treatment approaches and attention to issues such as the prevention of ___ infections.

Managing airways

__ is the first task in overdose treatment to ensure adequate airways by aspiriting secretions to ventilate the patient mechanically until clinicians give naloxone.

Outpatient settings

__ for treating opioid withdrawal include 8 to 10% of dose reductions daily, for 3 weeks for severe addictions and as patients reduce their opioid use, it is best to increase their participation with social work, family therapy, and psychiatric counselling.

sedative-hypnotic drugs

Anxiolytic or __ are on a continuum with their hypnotic or sleap-inducing effects.

Barbiturates

_ have a pejorative connotation, it's still found to be the cure many chronic conditions in many countries.

atypical age of onset of the symptoms

The in conjunction with blood results showed evaluation and treatment of her recent onset of panic attacks, encouraged the clinician to probe further regarding the pattern of alcohol-related life problems.

Benzodiazepine

_ can include oral, to achieve mild intoxication: intravenous, producing profound effects : or used as a treatment for the alcohol

Sedatives- hypnotics

is usually taken orally, either occasionally to achieve a time-limited specific effect, or regularly to obtain a constant, usually mild, intoxication state.

Benzodiazepines

_ often show lower abuse and dependence potential by having smaller levels of euphoria.

Barbiturate

abuse will show very similar alcohol in-coordination and dysarthria symptoms but with different blood toxicology

Benzodiazepines

Withdrawal levels from (40 mg of diazepam or more), may be as mild as anxiety, dysphoria, intolerance for bright lights and, or as severe as seizures, 2 - 3 days from use.

Methaqualone

The most commonly abused barbiturate-like substance is _ produced in the United States, is commonly mixed to heighten pleasure in sexual activity when getting high.

Benzodiazepine

_ results from suppressed symptoms with either short or long acting drugs, though careful timing must be observed to prevent overmedication.

Benzedrine

The racemic amphetamine sulfate (_) was first synthesized in 1887 and marketed as a decongestant in the early 1930.

Crack

the streetname form a a freebase form of cocaine, containing ready-to-smoke with extremely potent .

MDA

Substituted Amphetamines. MDMA [3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is one of a series of are also include _ (3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine. which produces subjective effects like both amphetamine and LSD a designer drug.

GHB, ketamine, and Rohypnol

commonly are called club drugs are known for inducing disorientation with date rape drugs.

Hallucinogen Intoxication

Intoxication hallmark of symptoms emphasing behaveriol and psychological along

Stimulant

The withdrawal symptoms generally peak in 2 to 4 days and are resolved in 1 week, for _.

Depression

Sustained use of high of stimulants after lead to __ that can also cause suicidal ideation.

Hallucinogens

People use often with have a high percentage of meeting psychotic conditions when tested.

Antidepressants

is often found for use of help reverse the potential use of other sexual and and drug use addiction.

Intervention

or the 5 A”s, is known identifying how to reduce smoking urges , also with medical and therapeutical techniques .

Smoking and high health conditions

_ are what psychiatrist should educate and advice patients seeking for help again and re emphasize .

Hypnosis

patients find it helpful in using a therapist along with methods for a helpful treatment .

Social Therapies

A non medical theraoutical treatments that is used is patients to help provide physical needs.

Varenicline Tartrate

_ a FDA Approved for as a pills, releases a neurotransmitter by lowering effects . , and at same for a short per

the harmful cancers. and disease's

The most known adverse effect known that can lead in death because of the cigarettes are, _ .

Heart conditions

after ingesting coffee can make suffer anixety a , along with insomnia or trouble.

caffeine

After ingesting 5 mg micrograms , causes side effects such as nausea to agitation .

The most severs Cases

Patients may need a short term use a antipsychotic to calm some of symptoms .

Flashbacks

may happen from people and is a from a hallucination that is the symptoms of a disorder .

antipsychotic

is a medicine that should keep for what will effect and help to ease side effects .

Impiared social skill

Is known to not allow much social interaction.

Excitation

Inhalation is is done for __ or has a certain a feeling you might need

Support

There is treatment but it can help the victums

Inhalent Intozification

_ in is important for what can be improved with or without , any help .

Effects

_ are common for what is use to be for health use may make , or get sick from.

Hormones

The increase amount of health needs as well many patients do not care for the help from. a docture

Support

will help more as more progress is done as well.

Therpahy

_ has now a 12 amount, may take at least in full to get a 3/4 amount. of is done to get good in , for those with needs .

Goal

Is best the patient is able to make , help see the way though to get a to a.