Behaviorism and Its Critiques in Psychology

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These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to behaviorism, critiques from prominent psychologists, and related psychological theories.

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15 Terms

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Behaviorism

A psychological movement advocating that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

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Radical Behaviorism

An extension of behaviorism that focuses on observable behaviors and dismisses unobservable processes like thoughts and emotions.

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Nativism

The philosophical belief that certain skills or abilities are hard-wired into the brain at birth.

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Philosophical Empiricism

The view that all knowledge is based on, or comes from, sense experience.

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Positive Reinforcement

A concept in behaviorism where rewards are used to encourage desired behaviors.

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MKUltra

A CIA program that used unethical methods, including behaviorism, to manipulate individuals' memories and behaviors.

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De-patterning

A process of erasing previous memories and behaviors as attempted in Dr. Cameron's experiments.

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Chomsky's Nativist Theory

The theory proposing that humans are born with an innate capacity for language acquisition.

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Poverty of Stimulus

The argument that children receive insufficient linguistic input to acquire language solely through behaviorist principles.

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Universal Grammar

Chomsky's theory that humans possess an innate grammatical structure shared across all languages.

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Walden Two

A novel by B.F. Skinner that advocates for a society built on behaviorist principles.

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Imitation in Language Acquisition

Skinner's theory that children learn to speak through reinforcement of sounds that are similar to human speech.

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Behaviorism's Demise

The decline of behaviorism as a dominant psychological theory due to critiques from thinkers like Noam Chomsky.

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Cultural Design in Behaviorism

The practice of shaping a society's behavior through controlled environmental factors rather than forcing actions.

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Psychological Phenomena Post-WWI

A period marked by significant discoveries in psychology known for both useful and harmful behaviorist ideas.