Biology - Classification of Organisms

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure and organization in living things, and new cells are produced from pre- existing cells

Nucleus (organelle)

Hold the genetic material (DNA)

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell membrane which holds the organelles in place

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support and protection to the cell

Cell membrane (plasma membrane) - phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Vacuole

A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area (plants have on large while animals have several smaller)

Lysome

digests and recycles materials (including broken organelles or foreign materials)

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Golgi Body

modifies and packages proteins and lipids to be exported into vesicles

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

site of protein synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

site of lipid synthesi

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Vesicle

A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell

Nucleolus

site of ribosome synthesis

RIbosomes

Makes proteins

Motor Protein

Carry vesicles around the cell

Cyto-Skeleton

Maintains structural support (shape) and internal organization for the cell. Also helps in transportation/movement

Centriole (centrosome)

allows the cell to divide during cell division

Eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus (Animals, fungi, plants, protists)

Prokaryote

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus (Archaea and Bacteria)

Autotrophs

make their own food (Plants and bacteria or Euglena and Protists)

Heterotroph

cannot make their own food but consumes other foods (animals or fungi)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Invented the microscope and discover bacteria calling them "animal cules"

Matthias Schleiden

concluded that all plants are made of cells

Theodor Schwann

concluded that all animals are made of cells

Robert Remak

concluded all cells come from pre-existing cells

Robert Hooke

observed cork cells and named cells after monastery cells

Rudolph Virchow

stole the idea (made it known) that all cells come from pre-existing cells

organism organization

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species