General Science - Biology Flashcards for 7th Grade

Define: Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Define: Diffusion

The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

True or False: Molecules prefer low concentrated areas until they reach equilibrium.

True

Define: Equilibrium

When molecules of a substance are spread evenly throughout.

True or False: The diffusion of water requires energy

False (it doesn't require energy)

True or False: Diffusion occurs in LIQUIDS

True

Define: Facilitated diffusion

When transport proteins move LARGE molecules.

True or False: Transport proteins help move LARGE molecules.

True

Define: Passive Transport

The movement of molecules through a cell membrane WITHOUT using energy

True or False: Passive transport is the movement of molecules PAST the cell membrane.

False (it's the movement of molecules THROUGH the cell membrane)

Define: Active Transport

The movement of molecules through a cell membrane USING energy.

Determine: Is DIFFUSION a passive or active transport of molecules?

Passive

Determine: Is OSMOSIS a passive or active transport of molecules?

Passive

Determine: What is an example of Active Transport?

Molecule going from an area of low concentration to high concentration.

True or False: A high concentration area is a crowded area.

True

Define: Endocytosis

When large molecules enter the cell and are engulfed by the membrane.

True or False: Endocytosis uses energy.

True

Define: Exocytosis

When large molecules exit the cell by moving to the cell's membrane and fuses with it ( This causes the cell to spit out the molecules)

True or False: Exocytosis does not use energy.

False (It does use energy)

Define: Enzyme

A protein that speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction.

Define: Nucleic Acids

LONG molecules made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous (gases)

What do Nucleic Acids do?

contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life

Determine: What TWO things does DNA do?

1. Directs the functions of each cell.

2. Carries the genetic information about an organism

True or False: DNA is responsible for passing genetics onto offspring.

True

Determine: What is RNA?

An important component in making Proteins.

True or False: DNA is a nucleic Acid, but RNA is not

False (They are both nucleic acids)

Define: Selectively Permeable

It only allows CERTAIN materials to pass through.

What are the THREE methods a substance can pass IN and OUT of a cell?

1. Diffusion

2. Osmosis

3. Active Transport

Define: Inorganic Compounds

A compound that DOES NOT contain the element CARBON (C).

(e.x. NaCl, HCl)

Define: Organic Compounds

A compound that contains the element CARBON (C).

(e.x. C6H12O6 - glucose)

Name the FOUR groups of ORGANIC compounds

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipids

3. Nucleic acids

4. Proteins

Name the three characteristics of a CARBOHYDRATE

1. Energy-rich

2. Made of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

3. Provide the cell with Energy

Give ONE example of a Carbohydrate

Possible answers:

- Sugars

- Starches

- Cellulose

Name the three characteristics of a LIPID

1. Energy-rich

2. Made of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

3. Provide the cell with MORE energy than Carbohydrates

Give ONE example of a Lipid

Possible Answers:

- Fats

- Oils

- Waxes

True or False: Lipids provide less energy than Carbohydrates

False (they provide more energy than carbohydrates)

True or False: Cells STORE energy in lipids for later use.

True

Name the three characteristics of a PROTEIN

1. Large compounds

2. Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, NITROGEN, and sometimes Sulfur.

3. Used to BUILD cells

True or False: Proteins are made up of smaller molecules called amino acids

True

Give ONE example of a food rich in PROTEIN

Possible answers:

- Meat & Fish

- Eggs

- Nuts

- Beans

Define: Element

A substance that contains ONLY ONE kind of Atom

Define: Compounds

A substance that contains TWO OR MORE kinds of atoms

True or False: Oxygen (O2) is a compound

False (Oxygen is an ELEMENT)

True or False: Water (H2O) is a compound

True

Define: Molecule

smallest unit of a compound

(e.x. 3 NaCl = 3 molecules of NaCl (sodium chloride)

Define: Mixture

A COMBINATION of substances in which the individual substances keep their own properties. THEY CAN be filtered out

Give ONE example of A mixture

Possible answers:

- Popcorn + candy

- Salad

- Sand

Define: Solution

a mixture in which one or more substances mix evenly with other substances They CANNOT be filtered out.

Give ONE example of a solution

Possible Answers:

- Salt Water

- Alcohol + Water

Define: Suspension

A mixture in which the substances spread throughout the container, and eventually separate into their respective substances.

Give ONE example of Suspension

Possible Answers:

• Oil + Water

• Paint

• Sand + Water