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social statuses, social roles, agents of socialization part 2
groups
people with shared normative expectations and collective identity
share a sense of belonging, not simply aggregate
group norms and sanctions shape social interaction
key element of social structure
primary group
small group characterized by close interpersonal interaction
satisfy basic human need for intimacy
powerful force in socialization process
secondary group
larger, more complex and anonymous, formal group
typically based on some common interest or activity ex.) work, school, religion
members often occupy formal positions
primary groups often exist within secondary groups
in groups
groups toward which one feels belonging or loyalty ex.) “we” or “us”
out groups
groups toward which one does not feel belonging or may even feel antagonism ex.) “they” or “them”
what does groups cause?
produces loyalties and rivalries
underlies many of the world’s deepest divisions ex.) racial/ ethnic inequality, terrorism
refrence groups
a group that is used as a standard for evaluating social behavior ex.) family, neighborhood, teachers, coworkers, member of religious group
provides a yardstick for behavior and thus social control
dyad
a two member group
triad
a three member group
coalition building
becomes possible in triads
effects of group size?
as a small group grows larger it becomes more stable, it becomes less intimate, and more formal, our attitudes and behavior change ex.) helping others and the diffusion of responsibility
groupthink
process by which alternative or dissenting views are marginalized/dismissed by majority
networks
set of informal and/or formal social ties that link people to one another
operate at various scales
web of relationships
social capital
the resources available to people through their social networks
can provide access and obstacles to resources
bonding social capital
within group social capital; in group. network density
bridging social capital
between group social capital; linkages across social cleavages
the strength of weak ties
great resources available through weak (vs strong) network contacts
