Plant Anatomy & Reproduction – Lecture Review

30 question-and-answer flashcards covering key concepts in plant anatomy, meristems, vascular tissues, reproduction, pollination, and seed/fruit development.

What type of cells make the seed coat hard?

Stone cells (sclereids), a form of sclerenchyma.

Which tissue layer in stems is commonly called the “starch sheath”?

Endodermis.

What does dendrochronology study?

The age of a plant by counting annual rings.

In which group of plants are bulliform (motor) cells found?

All grasses (family Poaceae).

What plant tissue is referred to as secondary xylem?

Wood.

In which type of plants is aerenchyma typically found?

Hydrophytes (aquatic plants).

Why is the root apex considered sub-terminal?

Because it is covered by a root cap.

Where is a radial vascular bundle found?

In both monocot and dicot roots.

What substance impregnates cork cells?

Suberin (cork cells are suberized).

In grafting, which tissues of stock and scion must be aligned?

Their cambia (cambium to cambium).

From which tissue is commercial jute fibre extracted?

Bast (secondary phloem).

How are vascular bundles arranged in a monocot stem?

Scattered throughout the ground tissue.

What name is given to the monocot stem stele with scattered bundles?

Atactostele.

From which tree is commercial cork obtained?

Cork oak (Quercus suber).

Where is the oldest secondary xylem located in a stem?

Just outside the primary xylem (toward the pith).

Intercalary meristem is a detached portion of which meristematic system?

The apical meristem.

Monothecous (one-lobed) anthers are characteristic of which plant family?

Malvaceae.

Of what material is the inner layer (intine) of the pollen wall composed?

Pectocellulose.

Which aquatic plant provides the classic example of hydrophily?

Vallisneria.

Cleistogamy together with chasmogamy is shown by which genus?

Commelina.

If somatic cells of an angiosperm root have 2n = 12, how many chromosomes are in a synergid?

6 chromosomes (haploid).

The edible fleshy part of a litchi fruit develops from which structure?

The outer integument (aril) of the seed.

What term describes the entry of the pollen tube through the micropyle?

Porogamy.

What are the typical features of wind-pollinated flowers?

They are small and inconspicuous.

A horse-shoe-shaped ovule is known as what type?

Amphitropous.

Which nucleus of a mature pollen grain is larger?

The vegetative (tube) nucleus.

Tapetal cells become multinucleate and polyploid due to which process?

Endomitosis.

How many pollen grains are produced from meiosis in 10 microspore mother cells?

40 pollen grains.

What sheath covers the radicle in a monocot embryo?

Coleorhiza.

What is the stalk of an ovule called?

Funicle.