Lab 1: Anatomy

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering microscopy, primary tissue types, histology, and the integumentary system based on Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology Chapters 4 and 5.

Histology

The study of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues, and organisms in relation to their function.

Four Major Tissue Categories

Epithelial, Muscular, Nervous, and Connective tissue.

Epithelial Tissue

A highly cellular tissue that covers or lines parts of the body, creates boundaries between different environments, and forms glands.

What is this and what is its three typical parts

Its a spinal cord smear (neuron). Its three typical parts are the axon, dendrite, and cell body (soma)

What tissue

skeletal

what tissue

cardiac

what tissue

smooth

what tissue

Aerolar

What tissue

Reticular

what tissue

Adipose

What tissue

Dense regular (dessert sand)

What tissue

Dense irregular

What tissue (cartilage)

Fibrocartilage

What tissue (cartilage)

Elastic

What tissue (cartilage)

Hyaline

What type of tissue

blood

What type of tissue

Bone marrow

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Key traits including regeneration, polarity (apical and basal surface), cellularity and specialized contacts, support by connective tissue (reticular lamina), avascularity, and innervation.

Epithelial Tissue Functions

Primary functions including filtration, absorption, secretion, protection, excretion, and sensory reception.

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis where cells divide by mitosis and contain the youngest cells.

Stratum Spinosum

The epidermal stratum located superficial to the stratum basale where keratin fibers and lamellar bodies accumulate.

Stratum Granulosum

The epidermal stratum where keratohyalin granules accumulate, a hard protein envelope forms beneath the plasma membrane, lamellar bodies release lipids, and cells die.

Stratum Lucidum

The epidermal stratum in which the cells are dead and contain dispersed keratohyalin.

Stratum Corneum

The most superficial epidermal layer containing the oldest dead cells, which have a hard protein envelope, contain keratin, and are surrounded by lipids.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

The most common type of sweat glands, sensitive to temperature, that produce normal body perspiration.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands that secrete water and higher concentrations of organic acids than eccrine glands.

Integumentary System

An organ system comprised of skin, hair, glands, and nails.

Main Tissue Layers of the Skin

The two primary tissue layers of the skin: the Epidermis and the Dermis.

Mesenchyme

The common embryonic tissue from which all connective tissues originate.

Three Groups of Connective Tissue

Connective tissue proper (loose and dense), fluid connective tissue (blood and lymph), and supporting connective tissue (bone and cartilage).

Connective Tissue Functions

Functions primary to structural support and joining structural components to one another.

Primary Muscular Tissue Types

The three muscle types: Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, and Smooth muscle.

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

Muscular tissue exhibiting prominent striations and skeletal muscle fibers with nuclei located near the periphery of the cell.

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics

Muscular tissue exhibiting striations, cardiac muscle fibers, cell nuclei, and intercalated discs.

Smooth Muscle Locations

Muscular tissue found in internal organ walls, specifically the wall of the stomach, wall of the large intestine, and wall of the small intestine.

Action Potentials

Electrical signals conducted by neurons and glial cells in nervous tissue.

Nervous Tissue Components

Tissue comprised of neurons and glial cells that conduct electrical signals throughout the body.

Axon Hillock

The region of a neuron connecting the neuron cell body to the axon.

Types of Hair

Terminal, Vellus, and Intermediate.

Hair Bulb

The base of the hair root containing the matrix growth zone, hair papilla, and melanocytes.

Hair Shaft

The region of the hair extending above the skin surface.

Hair Root

The portion of the hair situated below the skin surface.

Arrector Pili

A smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle.

Dermis Layers

The two distinct layers of the dermis: the Papillary layer and the Reticular layer.

Primary Epithelial Tissue Types

Simple Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Simple Columnar, Pseudostratified Columnar, Stratified Squamous, and Transitional epithelium.

Connective Tissue Proper Types

Loose (areolar), adipose, reticular, dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic connective tissue.

Supporting Connective Tissue Types

Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, ground bone, and cancellous bone.

Adipose Tissue Characteristics

A connective tissue type characterized by a plasma membrane, a nucleus pushed to the periphery, and an empty space where lipids are stored.

Intercalated Discs

Special junctions between cells found uniquely in cardiac muscle tissue.

Osteon

The structural unit of compact bone composed of central canals, concentric lamellae, and lacunae.

Bone Cells: Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts.

The cell types involved in bone tissue:

Components of Blood

Fluid connective tissue consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

Goblet Cell

A specialized cell containing mucus, found in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Working Distance

The distance between the microscope objective lens and the microscope slide coverslip.