LOCK TF IN APUSH Periods 1&2

Give the name of this agricultural practice that began in Mesoamerica and became a staple crop across Native American societies, enabling the development of sedentary civilizations like the Olmec and Maya.

Maize Cultivation

Identify these early human societies that relied on foraging and hunting rather than agriculture, and were generally nomadic before the advent of farming and permanent settlements.

Hunter Gatherers

Give the name of this Native American linguistic group whose tribes included the Powhatan and whose territory spanned from Canada to Virginia, known for early interactions with French and English colonists.

Algonquin Society

Identify this Native American group from the Pacific Northwest, known for their plank houses, totem poles, and fishing-based economy centered around the Columbia River.

Chinook Civilization

Give the term used by Europeans to describe the Americas following Columbus’s voyages, contrasting it with the Old World of Europe, Asia, and Africa.

New World

Identify this economic system characterized by private ownership of capital and investment in the pursuit of profit, which expanded during the Age of Exploration and colonization.

Capitalism

Give the name of these early business structures that allowed investors to pool resources and share risks, and which helped fund English ventures like the Virginia Company.

Joint-Stock Companies

Identify this widespread transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds following 1492.

Columbian Exchange

Give the name of this Spanish labor system that granted colonists the right to extract labor from Native Americans in exchange for supposed protection and Christianization.

Encomienda System

Identify this forced migration of millions of Africans across the ocean, forming the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade during European colonization of the Americas.

Atlantic Slave Trade

Give the name of the hierarchical racial and social structure imposed by the Spanish in their colonies, with peninsulares at the top and indigenous peoples and Africans at the bottom.

Caste System

Identify these agricultural products such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton, grown for profit rather than subsistence, especially in plantation economies.

Cash Crops

Give the term for settlements established by escaped enslaved people in remote areas, particularly in the Caribbean and parts of South America.

Maroon Communities

Identify this 16th-century Spanish priest and former encomendero who advocated for Native American rights and opposed indigenous enslavement.

Bartolome de las Casas

Identify this French colonial territory in North America that included parts of modern-day Canada and the Mississippi Valley, focused on fur trading and alliance with Native Americans.

New France

Give the name of this English joint-stock company that received a royal charter to establish the Jamestown colony in 1607.

Virginia Company

Identify this regional grouping of English colonies, including Virginia and Maryland, known for their dependence on tobacco cultivation and a plantation-based economy.

Chesapeake Colonies

Give the name for this group of English colonies including Massachusetts and Rhode Island, founded primarily for religious freedom and characterized by small towns and mixed economies.

New England

Identify this group of English colonies including New York and Pennsylvania, known for cultural diversity, religious tolerance, and fertile farmland.

Middle Colonies

Give the name of this group of British colonies including the Carolinas and Georgia, marked by plantation economies and a high enslaved population.

Southern Colonies

Identify these Caribbean colonies of the British Empire, such as Barbados and Jamaica, which became immensely profitable due to sugar production and reliance on enslaved labor.

British West Indies

Give the term for the British policy of loosely enforcing colonial laws, which allowed American colonies considerable autonomy until the mid-18th century.

Salutary Neglect

Identify this North American conflict from 1754 to 1763, part of the global Seven Years’ War, that resulted in British dominance over France in colonial territory.

French and Indian War

Give the name of this economic theory that colonies existed to enrich the mother country through a favorable balance of trade, including accumulation of gold and silver.

Mercantilism

Identify this 1675–1676 conflict in New England between Native American tribes led by Metacom and English settlers, resulting in widespread destruction and colonial victory.

King Philipp’s War

Give the name of this 1680 uprising by indigenous people in present-day New Mexico, which temporarily expelled Spanish colonists and missionaries.

Pueblo Revolt

Identify this 18th-century religious revival in the American colonies, marked by emotional preaching from figures like George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards.

First Great Awakening

Give the term for the process by which American colonists adopted British customs, legal systems, and cultural practices, often reinforced by transatlantic trade.

Anglicization

Identify this failed attempt by King James II to consolidate several colonies into a single administrative unit under Governor Edmund Andros, which collapsed after the Glorious Revolution.

Dominion of New England

Give the name of this 17th- and 18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights, which influenced political revolutions and colonial thought.

Enlightenment

Identify this brutal transatlantic journey undertaken by enslaved Africans on their way to the Americas, part of the larger Triangular Trade system.

Middle Passage

Give the name of this 1739 uprising of enslaved Africans in South Carolina, which led to stricter slave codes and heightened fear of insurrection.

Stono Rebellion

Identify these Enlightenment principles articulated by thinkers like John Locke, including life, liberty, and property, which influenced American revolutionary ideology.

Natural Rights

Give the name of this Quaker founder of Pennsylvania who advocated for religious tolerance and fair treatment of Native Americans.

William Penn

Identify this practice that became the economic foundation of the Chesapeake colonies, introduced by John Rolfe and dependent on labor from indentured servants and enslaved people.

Tobacco Cultivation